This dataset contains survey responses collected for an investigation of the real-time impacts of high air pollution episodes on the health, well-being, and daily lives of children, young people, and families living in Delhi, India, and Dhaka, Bangladesh. The survey was conducted among parents and young respondents and includes information on demographics, health symptoms, daily disruptions, and psychosocial responses associated with severe air pollution events. The dataset contains responses from households in both cities, with variables covering: demographic characteristics (city, age, gender, income, parent/child status), health symptoms (reports of itchy eyes, sore throat, cough, skin rash, Diarrhoea/vomiting, breathing difficulties, Low mood, stress/anxiety levels, and other pollution-related conditions), daily life disruptions (missed school or work, interruptions to healthcare access, food and water security, and reliance on family assistance), and suggestions for reducing the impacts of air pollution.