This data was used to complete data analysis for the manuscript "Wastewater surveillance overcomes socio-economic limitations of laboratory-based surveillance when monitoring disease transmission: the South African experience during the COVID-19 pandemic". The data includes aggregated laboratory case data and wastewater data for two serwersheds in South Africa. Representative socio-economic data from a Quality of life survey was used, and details on sampling can be found at www.gcro.ac.za.