This is a dataset to support an analysis to estimate the prevalence and aetiology of liver disease in a rural population in Uganda. The data were collected in 2011 from the Uganda General Population Cohort (GPC), based in Kyamulibwa, in the Kalungu district of South-Western Uganda, established in 1989 (partners: UK Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine). We have assessed the prevalence of liver disease based on liver function tests (LFTs) and fibrosis scores, and estimated the burden of liver disease associated with alcohol, hepatitis b virus (HBV), HIV, and high or low body mass index.