The survey was publicised using a ‘daisy-chaining’ approach in which respondents were asked to share and to encourage onward sharing of the survey’s Uniform Resource Locator (URL) among friends & colleagues. The study team directly targeted a number of faith institutions, schools and special interest groups and also used Facebook’s premium “Boost Post” feature. A “boosted” post functions as an advert which can be targeted at specific demographics. We boosted details of the survey and it’s URL to a target audience of 113,280 Facebook users aged 13-65+ years and living in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Participants were also provided with URL links to a set of freely available summary reports and analyses which were periodically updated in near-real time. 

We used an ODK XForm (https://getodk.github.io/xforms-spec/) deployed on Enketo smart paper (https://enketo.org/) via ODK Aggregate v.2.0.3 (https://github.com/getodk/aggregate). Form level encryption and end-to-end encryption of data transfer were implemented on all submissions.