10.17037/DATA.00005260
The aim of the Glaucoma Detection Study (GDS) was to develop and evaluate a low-cost, portable, and easy-to-use detection system for glaucoma, the leading irreversible cause of blindness worldwide. This assessed a combination of three diagnostic tests to identify glaucoma: (1) Eyecatcher visual field testing, a tablet- or laptop-based eye-tracking system that measures visual field loss; (2) PEEK Contrast Sensitivity testing, a smartphone-based assessment of visual function; and (3) optic disc photography using a portable Remidio fundus camera to capture images of the optic nerve. Participants enrolled on the study possessed different levels of glaucoma condition, from healthy individuals with no glaucoma to patients with advanced glaucoma, who were recruited at ophthalmology outpatient clinics at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) in Tanzania. Data from a parallel UK study were also analysed in the study. The dataset contains measurements recorded during this investigation, such as visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber angle grading, perimetry parameters (e.g. mean deviation, MD), as well as novel investigation details including eye-movement perimetry (Eyecatcher) hit rate or score, Remidio fundus camera artificial intelligence grading, and clinician assessment of Remidio fundus photographs (e.g. disc damage likelihood score, DDLS, cup:disc ratio, CDR).
The dataset contains 83 variables outlined below.
| Variable Name | Variable Label | Answer Label | Answer Code | Variable Type |
| eye | Eye being assessed (Right/Left) | Categorical | ||
| Left | L | |||
| Right | R | |||
| eyeEnrolled | Whether eye was enrolled in study | Binary | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| eyesEnrolled | Number/which eyes enrolled | Categorical | ||
| Both | B | |||
| Left | L | |||
| Right | R | |||
| diagnosisGlaucoma | Glaucoma diagnosis status | String | ||
| No glaucoma | No glaucoma | |||
| POAS - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Suspect | POAS - Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Suspect | |||
| POAG - Primary High Pressure Open-Angle Glaucoma | POAG - Primary High Pressure Open-Angle Glaucoma | |||
| PACS - Primary Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma Suspect | PACS - Primary Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma Suspect | |||
| PACG - Primary Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma | PACG - Primary Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma | |||
| PAC - Primary Chronic Angle-Closure | PAC - Primary Chronic Angle-Closure | |||
| OHT - Ocular Hypertension | OHT - Ocular Hypertension | |||
| diagnosisOther | Other ophthalmic diagnosis | String | ||
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Diabetic Retinopathy | |||
| Senile Cataract | Senile Cataract | |||
| diagnosisOther | diagnosisOther | |||
| vaPlainPeekSn | Presenting visual acuity (Snellen value) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| vaPinholePeekSn | Pinhole visual acuity (Snellen value) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| vaGlassesPeekSn | Visual acuity with glasses (Snellen value) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| plPeekLM | Presenting VA in logMAR | Open ended | Numeric | |
| pinPeekLM | Pinhole VA in logMAR | Open ended | Numeric | |
| glPeekLM | Glasses-corrected VA in logMAR | Open ended | Numeric | |
| bestVApeekLM | Best visual acuity in logMAR - Best of measured values | Numeric | ||
| contrastSensitivityNum | Contrast sensitivity score | 0.00-2.25 log units | Numeric | |
| contrastSensitivityMenu | Contrast sensitivity category (Study-defined categories) | Categorical | ||
| Not examined / not asked | ||||
| Not documented | ||||
| contrastBrightnessNum | Contrast brightness value | Device output | Numeric | |
| contrastBrightnessTxt | Brightness category/label | String | ||
| lx | lx | |||
| ecCompleted | Eyecatcher visual field completed | String | ||
| No | No | |||
| Yes | Yes | |||
| ecReasonNotCompleted | Reason Eyecatcher not completed | Categorical | ||
| Calibration not working | Calibration not working | |||
| Not applicable | Not applicable | |||
| Other (specify in comments) | Other (specify in comments) | |||
| eyecatcherReasonNotComplComment | Comments on non-completion | Open ended | String | |
| eyecatcherReasonNotComplText | Reason not completed (text) | Open ended | String | |
| ecRepeatCompleted | Repeat Eyecatcher completed | String | ||
| No | No | |||
| Yes | Yes | |||
| remidioCompleted | Remidio optic disc photography completed | String | ||
| No | No | |||
| Yes | Yes | |||
| remidioCompletedComment | Comments on Remidio test | Open ended | String | |
| dilatedFundusImage | Dilated fundus image obtained | String | ||
| No | No | |||
| Yes | Yes | |||
| dilatedFundusImageComment | Comments on image acquisition | Open ended | String | |
| not applicable | NA | |||
| fixationLosses | HVF fixation losses (count) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| falsePosErr | HVF false positive errors (count) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| falseNegErr | HVF false negative errors (count) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| durationMin | HVF test duration - minutes | Open ended | Numeric | |
| durationSec | HVF test duration - seconds | Open ended | Numeric | |
| strategy | HVF strategy | Categorical | ||
| SITA-standard | SITA-standard | |||
| strategy | strategy | |||
| GHT | Glaucoma Hemifield Test result | Categorical | ||
| within normal limits | within normal limits | |||
| outside normal limits | outside normal limits | |||
| borderline | borderline | |||
| general depression of sensitivity | general depression of sensitivity | |||
| abnormal high sensitivity | abnormal high sensitivity | |||
| VFI | Visual Field Index (0-100%) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| MDdB | Mean Deviation (dB) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| MDp | Mean Deviation probability value (p-value) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| PSDdB | Pattern Standard Deviation (dB) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| PSDp | PSD p-value | Open ended | Numeric | |
| ecEasy | Eyecatcher easy to perform response | Ordinal | ||
| 1 - Strongly disagree - Sikubaliani kabisa | 1 | |||
| 2 - Disagree - Sikubaliana | 2 | |||
| 3 - Neither agree nor disagree - Kwa wastani | 3 | |||
| 4 - Agree - Nakubaliana | 4 | |||
| 5 - Strongly agree - Nakubaliana sana | 5 | |||
| ecEasierThanHFA | Eyecatcher easier than Humphrey VF | Ordinal | ||
| 1 - Strongly disagree - Sikubaliani kabisa | 1 | |||
| 2 - Disagree - Sikubaliana | 2 | |||
| 3 - Neither agree nor disagree - Kwa wastani | 3 | |||
| 4 - Agree - Nakubaliana | 4 | |||
| 5 - Strongly agree - Nakubaliana sana | 5 | |||
| hfaEasierThanEC | Humphrey VF easier than Eyecatcher | Ordinal | ||
| 1 - Strongly disagree - Sikubaliani kabisa | 1 | |||
| 2 - Disagree - Sikubaliana | 2 | |||
| 3 - Neither agree nor disagree - Kwa wastani | 3 | |||
| 4 - Agree - Nakubaliana | 4 | |||
| 5 - Strongly agree - Nakubaliana sana | 5 | |||
| eyecatcherVsHFAcomment | Comments comparing tests | Open ended | String | |
| iopA | Intraocular pressure reading A (mmHg) | Numeric | ||
| iopAmethod | Method used for IOP A | Categorical | ||
| iCare tonometry | iCare tonometry | |||
| Applanation tonometry | Applanation tonometry | |||
| Slitlamp examination | Slitlamp examination | |||
| iopB | Intraocular pressure reading B (mmHg) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| iopBmethod | Method used for IOP B | Categorical | ||
| Applanation tonometry | ||||
| iCare tonometry | ||||
| iopBmethod | ||||
| iopC | Intraocular pressure reading C (mmHg) | Numeric | ||
| iopCmethod | Method used for IOP C | Categorical | ||
| Applanation tonometry | Applanation tonometry | |||
| iCare tonometry | iCare tonometry | |||
| iopCmethod | iopCmethod | |||
| WHOcatNUC | WHO nuclear cataract category (WHO grading) | Open ended | Ordinal | |
| WHOcatCOR | WHO cortical cataract category (WHO grading) | Open ended | Ordinal | |
| WHOcatPSC | Applanation, iCare, etc. (WHO grading) | Open ended | Ordinal | |
| pseudophYN | Pseudophakia present | binary | ||
| Yes | Yes | |||
| No | No | |||
| Not examined / not asked | Not examined / not asked | |||
| Not documented | Not documented | |||
| vanHerickNum | Van Herick grade numeric | Numeric | ||
| Not documented | Not documented | |||
| vanHerickDropdown | Van Herick category | Categorical | ||
| Not documented | Not documented | |||
| vanHerickText | Van Herick description - Extent of narrowing | Open ended | String | |
| vanHerickComment | Comments on angle assessment | Open ended | String | |
| CDrVer | Vertical cup-disc ratio | 0-1 | Numeric | |
| DDLS | Disc Damage Likelihood Scale (DDLS score) | Open ended | ordinal | |
| discHaemclin | Clinical disc haemorrhage present | String | ||
| No | No | |||
| Yes | Yes | |||
| discHaemcomment | Disc haemorrhage comments | String | ||
| not applicable | NA | |||
| rimNotch | Neuroretinal rim notch present | String | ||
| No | No | |||
| Yes | Yes | |||
| rimNotchcomment | Rim notch comments | Open ended | String | |
| othersONH | Other optic nerve head findings | Open ended | String | |
| shafferInf | Shaffer grade inferior angle | 0-4 | Ordinal | |
| shafferInfComm | Inferior angle comments | String | ||
| not applicable | NA | |||
| shafferSup | Shaffer grade superior angle | 0-4 | Ordinal | |
| shafferSupComm | Superior angle comments | String | ||
| not applicable | NA | |||
| shafferNas | Shaffer grade nasal angle | 0-4 | ordinal | |
| shafferNasComm | Nasal angle comments | String | ||
| not applicable | NA | |||
| shafferTemp | Shaffer grade temporal angle | 0-4 | ordinal | |
| shafferTempComm | Temporal angle comments | String | ||
| not applicable | NA | |||
| remidioCompleted | Remidio grading completed | String | ||
| No | No | |||
| Yes | Yes | |||
| QualityOfThePhotoIfGradeable | Photo quality grade | String | ||
| Excellent | excellent | |||
| Moderate | moderate | |||
| Poor | poor | |||
| Ungradable | ungradable | |||
| CDrVerVH | Vertical cup-disc ratio from image grading | 0-1 | Numeric | |
| DDLSVH | DDLS from image grading (DDLS score) | ordinal | ||
| not applicable | NA | |||
| cdrmed | Cup-disc ratio from Medios | 0-1 | Numeric | |
| Ungradable | ungradable | |||
| No image | No image | |||
| Participant record not found | Participant record not found | |||
| Medios_refer | Referral recommendation from Medios | String | ||
| No referral | no | |||
| Insufficient | insufficient | |||
| Immediate referral | immediately | |||
| Refer (disc suspect) | refer (disc suspect) | |||
| Refer (image missing for at least 1 eye) | refer (image missing for at least 1 eye) | |||
| Medios_refer2 | Referral recommendation from Medios | 0-5 | Ordinal | |
| Medios_quality | Media/image quality assessment from Medios | String | ||
| Good | good | |||
| Insufficient | insufficient | |||
| discHaem | Disc haemorrhage on image grading | binary | ||
| No | no | |||
| Yes | yes | |||
| rimNotch_focal_thinning | Focal rim thinning/notch | binary | ||
| No | no | |||
| Yes | yes | |||
| comment | General comments on Medios image | Open ended | String | |
| Refer_for_non_glaucoma_reason | Referral for non-glaucoma pathology | binary | ||
| No | no | |||
| Yes | yes | |||
| Notes_on_non_glaucoma_referral | Referral notes | Open ended | String | |