Data and code for Measuring Access to Sanitation and Sanitation-related Quality of Life among Refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia – Data Codebook

Persistent identifier

10.17037/DATA.00005151

Description

In refugee settings, safe and private access to sanitation is often constrained by overcrowding and limited infrastructure. While coverage indicators such as toilet availability are often used to monitor progress, they do not capture users lived experiences. The Sanitation-related Quality of Life (SanQoL-5) index measures individual sanitation experiences across five dimensions: privacy, safety, disgust, shame, and disease risk. This study assessed sanitation access and SanQoL-5 among refugee populations in Gambella, Ethiopia, and identify factors associated with variation in SanQoL-5.

We conducted a cross-sectional, representative survey across two refugee settlements in Gambella, Ethiopia, a region hosting approximately 42% of the country's total refugee population. Data were collected on sanitation access, facility type, location and characteristics, alongside experiential outcomes using SanQoL-5 (scored 0–1; higher scores indicate better quality of life). Generalised linear regression models were used to explore associations between SanQoL-5 scores, and hypothesised factors, including gender, facility type and location, construction quality, and cleaning arrangements. Analyses were stratified by toilet location (on- or off-compound) following evidence of effect modification.

Data Codebook

The dataset contains 85 variables in total, outlined below.

Variable Name Variable Label Answer Label Answer Code Variable Type
id Respondent ID Open ended   Integer
camp Camp location     String
    Nguenyyiel Nguenyyiel  
    Tierkidi Tierkidi  
age Respondent age (continuous) Open ended   Numeric
gender Respondent gender     Numeric
    Male 1  
    Female 2  
livedinhome How long have you lived in your current home (in years)? Open ended   Numeric
education What is your highest level of education received?     Numeric
    None 0  
    1-4 1st primary 1  
    5-8 2nd primary 2  
    9-10 secondary 3  
    11-12 preparatory 4  
    Diploma TVET  (e.g. vocational, tailoring, masonry) 5  
    College/University 6  
    Other (specify) 7  
    Refuse to answer 8  
    Don’t Know .  
childrenunder5 Number of children under 5 in the household Open ended   Numeric
olderadults Number of older adults in the household Open ended   Numeric
disabledperson Number of disabled persons in the household Open ended   Numeric
sanitationshared Sanitation facility is shared     Numeric
    No 0  
    Yes 1  
sanitationsharednumber Number of households that share sanitation facility Open ended   Numeric
walls What type of material is used for the walls?     Numeric
    Concrete 1  
    Burnt bricks 2  
    Cloth 3  
    Plastic sheeting 4  
    Grass 5  
    Bamboo 6  
    Iron sheets 7  
    Clay/mud 8  
roof What type of material is used for the roof?     Numeric
    Cloth 1  
    Plastic sheeting 2  
    Grass 3  
    Iron sheets 4  
    Bamboo 5  
    Clay/mud 6  
    No roof    
sanitationdoor Does the toilet have a solid door?     Numeric
    No 0  
    Yes 1  
lockoutside Is there a lock present on the outside of the door?     Numeric
    No 0  
    Yes 1  
handwashing Is there a place for handwashing near the toilet?     Numeric
    No 0  
    Yes 1  
soaphw Observe: Is there a soap agent present at the handwashing place?     Numeric
    No 0  
    Yes 1  
waterhw Observe: Is there water present at the handwashing place?     Numeric
    No 0  
    Yes 1  
pwd_access The toilet is accessible for people with disabilities     Numeric
    No 0  
    Yes 1  
visibledirt There is visible dirt or faeces on the toilet (categorical)     Numeric
    Visible dirt 1  
    Visible faeces 2  
    Clean 3  
smellreduction What type of smell-reduction system is in place?     Numeric
    Nothing 0  
    Pipe 1  
    Window 2  
cleaningrota Is there a rota system/cleaning programme for cleaning the toilet?     Numeric
    No 0  
    Yes 1  
    Don't know 2  
useatnight Do you use this toilet during the night?     Numeric
    No 0  
    Yes 1  
childfaecesdisposal Where do you mostly dispose your children's faeces under the age of five?     Numeric
    In the toilet/latrine 1  
    Bury 2  
    Discard in the bush 3  
    Discard in the compound 3  
    No children present 4  
    Don't know .  
disgust_toilet How often do you feel disgusted when using the toilet?     Numeric
    Always 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Never 2  
    Refuse to answer 3  
health_toilet How often do you worry that the toilet spreads disease?     Numeric
    Always 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Never 2  
    Refuse to answer 3  
privacy_toilet How often do you worry about being seen while using the toilet?     Numeric
    Always 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Never 2  
    Refuse to answer 3  
shame_toilet How often do you feel ashamed about using the toilet?     Numeric
    Always 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Never 2  
    Refuse to answer 3  
safety_toilet_end How often do you feel unsafe using the toilet?     Numeric
    Always 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Never 2  
    Refuse to answer 3  
convenience_toilet How often do worry about accessing the toilet quickly and conveniently when needed?     Numeric
    Always 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Never 2  
    Refuse to answer 3  
rank_disgust Value Disgust: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent Open ended   Numeric
rank_health Value Health: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent Open ended   Numeric
rank_privacy Value Privacy: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent Open ended   Numeric
rank_shame Value Shame: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent Open ended   Numeric
rank_safety Value Safety: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent Open ended   Numeric
rank_convenience Value Covenience: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent Open ended   Numeric
rank_disgust2 Value Disgust: Ranked 1-5 (recalculated from 1-10 scale) Open ended   Numeric
rank_health2 Value Health: Ranked 1-5 (recalculated from 1-10 scale) Open ended   Numeric
rank_privacy2 Value Privacy: Ranked 1-5 (recalculated from 1-10 scale) Open ended   Numeric
rank_shame2 Value Shame: Ranked 1-5 (recalculated from 1-10 scale) Open ended   Numeric
rank_safety2 Value Safety: Ranked 1-5 (recalculated from 1-10 scale) Open ended   Numeric
disgust RECODE disgust 3 levels (categorical)     Numeric
    always 0  
    sometimes 1  
    never 2  
health RECODE of health 3 levels (categorical)     Numeric
    always 0  
    sometimes 1  
    never 2  
privacy RECODE of privacy 3 levels (categorical)     Numeric
    always 0  
    sometimes 1  
    never 2  
shame RECODE of shame 3 levels (categorical)     Numeric
    always 0  
    sometimes 1  
    never 2  
waterjmp Water source by JMP definitions (categorical)     Numeric
    basic 1  
    limited 2  
    surface water 3  
    unimproved 4  
m_disgust Value Disgust: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent, Mean Open ended   Numeric
m_privacy Value Disgust: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent, Mean Open ended   Numeric
m_health Value Disgust: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent, Mean Open ended   Numeric
m_shame Value Disgust: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent, Mean Open ended   Numeric
m_safety Value Disgust: Ranked 1-10 by survey respondent, Mean Open ended   Numeric
wt_disg Weighted rank for value disgust (6-m_disgust/ 15) Open ended   Numeric
wt_health Weighted rank for valuehealth (6-m_health/ 15) Open ended   Numeric
wt_shame Weighted rank for value shame (6-m_shame/ 15) Open ended   Numeric
wt_safety Weighted rank for value safety (6-m_safety/ 15) Open ended   Numeric
wt_privacy Weighted rank for value privacy (6-m_privacy/ 15) Open ended   Numeric
sanqol Sanitation-related Quality of Life (SanQoL) for toilet users Open ended   Numeric
sanitationjmp_v2 RECODE of sanitation facility into JMP definitions with more detail (categorical)     Numeric
    safely managed: uddt not shared 1  
    basic: pit latrine not shared 2  
    limited: uddt, shared 2 households 3  
    limited: pit latrine, shared 2 households 4  
    limited: uddt shared >2 5  
    limited: pit latrine shared >2 6  
    od 7  
sanitationfacility Sanitation facility type (categorical)     long
    Urine-Diverting Dry Toilet (UDDT) 1  
    Pit latrine 2  
    No facility - Open Defecation (OD) 3  
education_bi RECODE of education (binary)     Numeric
    None 0  
    Some formal education 2  
childrenunder5_bi Number of children under 5 in household (binary)     Numeric
    none 0  
    1 or more 1  
olderadults_bi Number of older adults in household (binary)     Numeric
    none 0  
    1 or more 1  
disabledperson_bi disabled person (binary)     Numeric
    none 0  
    1 or more 1  
smellreduction_bi RECODE of smell reduction present (binary)     Numeric
    none 0  
    pipe or window ventilation 1  
visibledirt_bi Is the toilet facility visibilty dirty (binary)     Numeric
    not visibly dirty 1  
    visibly dirty 2  
disgust_od Disgust non toilet user (categorical)     Numeric
    Never 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Always 2  
health_od Health non toilet user (categorical)     Numeric
    Never 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Always 2  
privacy_od Privacy non toilet user (categorical)     Numeric
    Never 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Always 2  
shame_od Shame non toilet user (categorical)     Numeric
    Never 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Always 2  
safety_od Safety non toilet user (categorical)     Numeric
    Never 0  
    Sometimes 1  
    Always 2  
age_cat Respondent age categories     Numeric
    18-29 1  
    30-44 2  
    45-59 3  
    60+ 4  
livedinhome_cat Number of years lived in home (categorical)     Numeric
    1-2 years 1  
    3-4 years 2  
    5-6 years 3  
    7-8 years 4  
    9-10 years 5  
walls_bi RECODE of walls (wall materials type)     Numeric
    not solid walls 0  
    solid walls 1  
visibledirt_binary2 RECODE of visibledirt (types of visible dirt/ categorical)     Numeric
    faeces 0  
    clean 1  
lockinside Is there a lock present on the inside of the door?     Numeric
    no lock 0  
    lock 1  
vtot2 Value total of ranked values (Digust, Shame, Safety, Privacy, Health) for Open Defecation Survey Respondents 1 to 10   Numeric
vtotcheck2 Indicates if vtot2 does not equal 15 (=1 if != 15)     Numeric
    vtot2 does not equal 15 1  
sanqol_od SanQoL for open defecation Open ended   Numeric
sanqol_all SanQoL for all participants Open ended   Numeric
sanitationfacility_binary RECODE of sanitationfacility (sanitation facility type)     Numeric
    Sanitation 0  
    Open defecation (od) 3  
campcluster cluster factor     Numeric
    NguenyyielZone_A 1  
    NguenyyielZone_B 2  
    NguenyyielZone_C 3  
    NguenyyielZone_D 4  
    TierkidiZone_A 5  
    TierkidiZone_B 6  
    TierkidiZone_C 7  
    TierkidiZone_D 8  
waterjmp_bi RECODE of waterjmp (water source by jmp definitions)     Numeric
    less basic 0  
    basic 1  
analcleansing_bi Anal cleansing materials (binary)     Numeric
    none 0  
    present 1  
sanitationlocationv2 sanitation location     Numeric
    within compound 1  
    outside compound 2  
roof_bi RECODE of roof (categorical)     Numeric
    no roof 0  
    roof 1