Search strategies for "Aligning climate action and health in cities: evidence from an umbrella review" Methodology The search strategy was compiled by a professional librarian with experience in systematic review literature searching (JF) and reviewed by the project team. Due to the wide subject area of the review, it was decided that a ‘parent’ search would be deliberately broad in subject, but narrow in the study methodologies. A second search, called the ‘reviews’ search would limit the results to systematic reviews only or to other types of reviews. 'Parent' search A draft search strategy was compiled in the OvidSP Medline database. The search strategy included strings of terms, synonyms and controlled vocabulary terms (where available) to reflect four concepts: Concept 1: environmental changes which may have an impact on human health. These were narrowed down to the following topics: • General environmental terms • Different types of environment found in or adjacent to urban areas • Biodiversity • Climate change • Water supply • Land use change • Pollution • Food supply Concept 2: urban areas and the urban population Concept 3: studies which included some sort of evaluation, impact, adaptation or mitigation strategy Concept 4: reviews, trials, health impact assessments, models, natural experiments These concepts were combined using the Boolean operator AND. Key search terms were determined by using published strategies covering environmental terms and study types and tested using a systematic approach. Environmental terms and study type filters were derived from previously published searches [1-4]. Search testing was informed by the technique described by Bramer et al [5]. This search strategy was refined with the input of the project team until the results retrieved reflected the scope of the project. the agreed Ovid Medline search was adapted for each database to incorporate database-specific syntax and controlled vocabularies. Full details of the search strategies for each database are provided in the separate file: 2024_CUUSH_ParentSearches.txt 'Reviews' search A draft search strategy was compiled in the Ovid Medline database. The search strategy included strings of terms, synonyms and controlled vocabulary terms (where available) to reflect four concepts: Concept 1: environmental changes which may have an impact on human health. These were narrowed down to the following topics: • General environmental terms • Different types of environment found in or adjacent to urban areas • Biodiversity • Climate change • Water supply • Land use change • Pollution • Food supply Concept 2: urban areas and the urban population Concept 3: systematic reviews Concept 4: other types of reviews Concepts 1 and 2 were combined with concept 3, then with concept 4. Duplicates between the two searches were removed during the deduplication process. Key search terms were determined by using published strategies covering environmental terms and study types and tested using a systematic approach. Environmental terms and study type filters were derived from previously published searches [1,2]. Search testing was informed by the technique described by Bramer et al [5]. This search strategy was refined with the input of the project team until the results retrieved reflected the scope of the project. the agreed Ovid Medline search was adapted for each database to incorporate database-specific syntax and controlled vocabularies. Full details of the search strategies for each database are provided in the separate file: 2024_CUUSH_ReviewSearches.txt Search dates Due to circumstances beyond the team's control, there were multiple delays in completing the review. Therefore the searches were updated multiple times. The searches were first run in December 2018 and updated in February 2019, December 2022 and June 2024. Updates were not limited by date, instead results were compared with results from previous searches to remove duplicates. Due to the cyber-attack suffered by the British Library in October 2023, the Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA) and CAB Abstracts searches were not able to be updated in June 2024 so results from these databases are current up to December 2022. Duplicate removal All citations identified by our searches were uploaded to EndNote 21 for duplicate removal. Duplicates were identified and removed using a published technique [6]. There were two sets of results in the ‘Reviews’ search. Systematic review results were uploaded to EndNote first, then the broader review results were uploaded. When the duplicates were removed, any items which appeared in the systematic review results were removed from the other review results. ‘Parent’ search results and ‘Reviews’ search results were uploaded to separate EndNote libraries so there may be duplication between the results of the two searches. References 1. Falconer, J (2014). Search strategies for: "Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission on planetary health". [Data Collection]. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.17037/DATA.277. 2. National Library of Medicine (2018). Search Strategy Used to Create the PubMed Systematic Reviews Filter. [webpage] https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/pubmed_subsets/sysreviews_strategy.html [accessed 04 October 2018]. 3. SIGN (2018) Search filters: observational studies [webpage] https://www.sign.ac.uk/search-filters.html [accessed 04 October 2018] 4. Glanville J, Eyers J, Jones AM, Shemilt I, Wang G, Johansen M, et al. Quasi-experimental study designs series—paper 8: identifying quasi-experimental studies to inform systematic reviews. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2017;89:67-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.02.018 5. Bramer WM, de Jonge GB, Rethlefsen ML, Mast F, Kleijnen J. A systematic approach to searching: an efficient and complete method to develop literature searches. Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA. 2018;106(4):531-41. DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2018.283 6. Falconer J. Removing duplicates from an EndNote library. Library & Archives Service Blog [Internet]: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. 2018. [cited 2020]. Available from: https://blogs.lshtm.ac.uk/library/2018/12/07/removing-duplicates-from-an-endnote-library/.