10.17037/DATA.00004261
Pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr nets have been recommended for malaria control by the World Health Organisation (WHO) after an alpha-cypermethrin-chlorfenapyr net showed improved impact in epidemiological trials. PermaNet® Dual is a new deltamethrin-chlorfenapyr net developed by Vestergaard Sàrl to expand options to control programmes. A series of laboratory studies were performed according to WHO guidelines to assess the regeneration time, efficacy and wash-resistance of PermaNet® Dual. Regeneration time was determined by subjecting net pieces to cone bioassays and tunnel tests before and 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after washing. The wash-resistance of PermaNet® Dual was evaluated compared to WHO-prequalified pyrethroid-only (PermaNet® 2.0) and pyrethroid-chlorfenapyr (Interceptor® G2) nets by testing net pieces washed 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 times in cone bioassays and tunnel tests. Tests were performed with susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of Anopheles gambiae to assess the pyrethroid and chlorfenapyr components separately. Net pieces were also analysed to determine insecticide content. In regeneration time studies, the biological activity of the deltamethrin and chlorfenapyr components of PermaNet® Dual regenerated within one day after washing and a 1-day washing interval was adopted for wash-resistance studies. PermaNet® Dual induced high mortality (98%) and blood-feeding inhibition (98%) of the susceptible strain after 20 washes fulfilling WHO efficacy criteria in tunnel tests (≥80% mortality, ≥90% blood-feeding inhibition). Similar results were obtained with PermaNet® 2.0 (99% mortality, 99% blood-feeding inhibition) and Interceptor® G2 (99% mortality, 98% blood-feeding inhibition) washed 20 times. In wash-resistance tunnel tests against the pyrethroid-resistant strain, PermaNet® Dual washed 20 times induced high mortality (91%) and blood-feeding inhibition (73%), which was similar to Interceptor® G2 (87% mortality, 79% blood-feeding inhibition) and superior to PermaNet® 2.0 (47% mortality, 68% blood-feeding inhibition). PermaNet® Dual fulfilled WHO efficacy criteria in laboratory bioassays and showed potential to improve control of pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors.
The following variables are contained in the Cone Bioassays data table.
| Variable name | Variable label | Answer label | Answer code | Variable Type |
| Date | Date measurement taken | DD/MM/YYYY | Date | |
| Study_type | Study type | String | ||
| Wash resistance | Wash resistance | |||
| Regen time | Regen time | |||
| Temperature | Temperature in Celsius (°C) | Numeric | ||
| Humidity | Humidity level | Numeric | ||
| Strain | Strain of Anopheles gambiae | String | ||
| Kisumu | ||||
| Treatment | Net type | String | ||
| Untreated net | A | |||
| PermaNet 2.0 | B | |||
| Interceptor G2 | C | |||
| PermaNet Dual | D | |||
| No_of_washes_days_after_washing | Number of washes/days after washing | String | ||
| Unwashed | A | |||
| Day 0 | B | |||
| Day 1 | C | |||
| Day 2 | D | |||
| Day 3 | E | |||
| Day 5 | F | |||
| Day 7 | G | |||
| Net_code | Code assigned to individual net at reception | String | ||
| N_exposed | Number exposed | Numeric | ||
| N_KD_60 | Number knocked down after 60 mins | Numeric | ||
| N_dead_24h | Number dead after 24 hours | Numeric | ||
| N_dead_48h | Number dead after 48 hours | Numeric | ||
| N_dead_72h | Number dead after 72 hours | Numeric | ||
| Per_KD_60 | Percentage KD 60 | Numeric | ||
| Per_dead_24h | Percentage dead after 24 hours | Numeric | ||
| Per_dead_48h | Percentage dead after 48 hours | Numeric | ||
| Per_dead_72h | Percentage dead after 72 hours | Numeric |
The following variables are contained in the Tunnel Tests data table.
| Variable name | Variable label | Answer label | Answer code | Variable Type |
| Date | Date measurement recorded | DD/MM/YYYY | Date | |
| Study_type | Study type | String | ||
| Wash resistance | Wash resistance | |||
| Regen time | Regen time | |||
| Temperature | Temperature in Celcius (°C) | Numeric | ||
| Relative_humidity | Relative humidity as a percentage (%) | Numeric | ||
| Strain | Strain of Anopheles gambiae | String | ||
| Covè | Covè | |||
| Kisumu | Kisumu | |||
| Treatment | Net type | String | ||
| Untreated net | A | |||
| PermaNet 2.0 | B | |||
| Interceptor G2 | C | |||
| PermaNet Dual | D | |||
| No_of washes_Days_after_washing | Number of washes/Days after washing | String | ||
| Unwashed | A | |||
| Day 0 | B | |||
| Day 1 | C | |||
| Day 2 | D | |||
| Day 3 | E | |||
| Day 5 | F | |||
| Day 7 | G | |||
| Net_code | Code assigned to individual net at reception | String | ||
| N_alive_fed | Number alive and fed | Numeric | ||
| N_alive_unfed | Number alive and unfed | Numeric | ||
| N_dead_fed | Number dead and fed | Numeric | ||
| N_dead_unfed | Number dead and unfed | Numeric | ||
| N_dead_imm | Number of dead immediately after exposure | Numeric | ||
| N_exposed | Number of mosquitoes exposed | Numeric | ||
| N_dead_24h | Number dead at 24 hours | Numeric | ||
| N_dead_48h | Number dead at 48 hours | Numeric | ||
| N_dead_72h | Number dead at 72 hours | Numeric | ||
| N_pass | Number in the baited chamber | Numeric | ||
| Per_Imm_Mort | Percentage dead immediately after exposure | Numeric | ||
| Per_24h_mort | Percentage dead at 24 hours | Numeric | ||
| Per_48h_mort | Percentage dead at 48 hours | Numeric | ||
| Per_72h_mort | Percentage dead at 72 hours | Numeric | ||
| Per_Pass | Percentage in the baited chamber | Numeric | ||
| Per_Bfd | Percentage blood-fed | Numeric |