10.17037/DATA.00004250
Quantitative data collected in the Stronger-SAFE trial for the purpose of determining the metrics to use to measure final behaviour change outcomes in the trial (Baseline data), and quantitative face washing data from the outcomes evaluation, with measurement at 3- and 24-months post-delivery of the face washing intervention implemented in the trial. The data available here were collected from participants in North Shewa, Ethiopia, at baseline and 3-month follow-up using a combination of face-to-face interviews (survey, pictorial recall exercise and facial cleanliness assessment) and structured observation, and at 24-months using survey, facial cleanliness assessment and (primarily) structured observation of behaviour. Key face washing outcomes for the trial were the proportion of household members who washed their face during the observation period, the proportion of household members who washed their face with soap during the observation period, and the proportion of observed face washes that included soap. Metrics cover number of times that the participant’s face was washed with soap during the observation period, who performed the face wash task, availability of water and soap in the household, participant demographics, and other information.
The collection consists of four datasets:
The following variables are contained in the Baseline_ data codebook.
| Variable Name | Variable Label | Answer Label | Answer Code | Variable Type |
| GENERAL VARIABLES | ||||
| studyarm | Study arm | Numeric | ||
| Control | 0 | |||
| Intervention | 1 | |||
| cluster | Cluster (68 clusters in the trial) | 1 to 68 | Numeric | |
| hhrank | variable created to identify household level variables (i.e. to see whether a household had soap, you need to tab soap if hhrank ==1) | 1 to 12 | Numeric | |
| hhid | Household ID | Open ended | Numeric | |
| personid | unique number for each individual in a household | Open ended | Numeric | |
| agegroup | age of individual with face washing data | Numeric | ||
| infant under 1 years | 0 | |||
| 1-3 years (pre-schooler) | 1 | |||
| 4-6 years (pre-schooler) | 2 | |||
| 7-12 years (school-age) | 3 | |||
| 13-17 years (school-age) | 4 | |||
| 18 and over | 5 | |||
| gender | gender | String | ||
| male | m | |||
| female | f | |||
| STRUCTURED OBSERVATION DATA | ||||
| washed_by | Who performed face wash | Numeric | ||
| Always washed by self | 0 | |||
| Always washed by other (a caregiver) | 1 | |||
| Mixed | 2 | |||
| num_fw_obs | Number of face washes during observation period | 0 to 3 | Numeric | |
| num_fwws_obs | Number of face washes with soap during observation period | 0 to 1 | Numeric | |
| fw_obs | Did the individual wash their face during the observation period? | Numeric | ||
| individual did not wash their face during the observation period (none) | 0 | |||
| individual washed their face during the observation period (1 or more) | 1 | |||
| fwws_obs | Did individual wash their face with soap during the observation period? | String | ||
| individual did not wash their face with soap during the observation period (none) | 0 | |||
| individual washed their face with soap during the observation period (1 or more) | 1 | |||
| caregiver | Is individual the primary caregiver in a household? | Numeric | ||
| Not stated | . | |||
| Yes, individual is the primary caregiver in a household | 1 | |||
| fwtype_obs | Face washing type during observation | String | ||
| Individual did not wash their face during the observation period (no wash) | 0 | |||
| Individual washed their face only with water during the observation period (FWWW) | 0 | |||
| Individual washed their face one or more times with water and soap during the observation period (FWWS) | 2 | |||
| WASH SITUATION AND SOFTWARE | ||||
| soap_available_last_week | On how many of the last 7 days did you have no soap in your home that you could | String | ||
| Every day | every_day | |||
| Most days | most_days | |||
| No days | no_days | |||
| Some days | some_days | |||
| collect_water_currently | Are you able to collect as much water as you need for household activities at the moment? | String | ||
| No | no | |||
| Yes | yes | |||
| Not completed | . | |||
| soap | Do you have any soap in your house? | String | ||
| No | 1 | |||
| Yes | 2 | |||
| HWISE_score | HWISE score for each household (see paper for details) | 0 to 35 | Numeric | |
| waterinsecureHHs | Is household water insecure according to HWISE score? | Numeric | ||
| Household is not water insecure according to HWISE score | 0 | |||
| Household is water insecure according to HWISE score | 1 | |||
| oculardischarge | Presence of ocular discharge | String | ||
| no | 0 | |||
| FACIAL CLEANLINESS DATA | yes | 1 | ||
| nasaldischarge | Presence of nasal discarge | String | ||
| no | 0 | |||
| yes | 1 | |||
| flyface | Fly on face during 3secs of observation | String | ||
| no | 0 | |||
| yes | 1 | |||
| facewipe_score | qPHAT score for child aged 1 to 12 | 0 to 9 | Numeric | |
| clean_face2 | Presence of ocular and or nasal discharge | Numeric | ||
| presence of ocular and or nasal discharge | 0 | |||
| no ocular or nasal discharge | 1 | |||
| PICTORIAL RECALL DATA | ||||
| fw_caregiver_unpAM | unprompted recall of facewashing in the morning (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| No face wash (NO FW) | 0 | |||
| Face washed (FW) | 1 | |||
| fw_caregiver_pAM | prompted recall of facewashing in the morning (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| No Face wash (NO FW) | 0 | |||
| Face wash (FW) | 1 | |||
| fwws_caregiver_unpAM | unprompted recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| No face wash with soap (NO FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washed with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| fwws_caregiver_pAM | prompted recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| 0 (no FWWS) or 1 ( | 0 | |||
| Face wash with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| fw_child_mr_pAM | unprompted maternal recall of facewashing in the morning (child) | Numeric | ||
| No fash washing (No FW) | 0 | |||
| Face Washing (FW) | 1 | |||
| fwws_child_mr_pAM | unprompted maternal recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (child) | Numeric | ||
| No washing with soap (no FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| fw_child_sr_pAM | unprompted child self-recall of facewashing in the morning (child) | Numeric | ||
| No face washing (no FW) | 0 | |||
| Face Washing (FW) | 1 | |||
| fwws_child_sr_pAM | unprompted child self-recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (child) | Numeric | ||
| No face washing with soap (no FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| SURVEY DATA | ||||
| caregiver_fwws_morning_yest | self-reported face washing with soap in morning yesterday (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| No face washing with soap (no FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| caregiver_fw_morning_yest | self-reported face washing in morning yesterday (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| No face washing (no FW) | 0 | |||
| Face Washing (FW) | 1 | |||
| child_fwws_morning_yest_mr | maternal-reported face washing with soap in morning yesterday (child) | Numeric | ||
| 0 | ||||
| 1 | ||||
| child_fw_morning_yest_mr | maternal-reported face washing in morning yesterday (child) | Numeric | ||
| No face washing with soap (no FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| child_fwws_morning_yest_sr | self-reported face washing with soap in morning yesterday (child) | Numeric | ||
| No face washing with soap (no FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| child_fw_morning_yest_sr | self-reported face washing in morning yesterday (child) | Numeric | ||
| 0 | ||||
| 1 | ||||
| DATA COLLECTION TIMINGS | ||||
| survey_start_time | Time that survey began | hh:mm:ss | String | |
| fw_time | time face was observed to be washed (latest time, if multiple washes were observed) | mm:ss | String | |
| time_obs_start | time observation session commenced | mm:ss | String | |
| group | Group | String | ||
| group A - households participated in pictorial recall | 1 | |||
| group B - households provided reported data (survey only) | 2 | |||
| group C - households participated in pictorial recall and survey | 3 | |||
| time_since_fw | number of hours / mins between observed face washing and facial cleanliness assessment | hours: mins | String |
The following variables are contained in the Baseline_validity_data_reshaped dataset.
| Variable Name | Variable Label | Answer Label | Answer Code | Variable Type |
| id | Individual identifier | Open ended | Numeric | |
| methods | Methods 1 to 27 detail the origin of the face washing data for a given individual in the dataset | Numeric | ||
| structured observation data on face washing | 1 | |||
| structured observation data on face washing with soap | 2 | |||
| caregiver survey report of face washing | 3 | |||
| caregiver survey report of face washing with soap | 4 | |||
| maternal-reported face washing in morning yesterday (child) | 5 | |||
| self-reported face washing in morning yesterday (child) | 6 | |||
| maternal-reported face washing with soap in morning yesterday (child) | 7 | |||
| self-reported face washing with soap in morning yesterday (child) | 8 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 9 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 10 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 11 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 12 | |||
| unprompted recall of facewashing in the morning (caregiver) | 13 | |||
| prompted recall of facewashing in the morning (caregiver) | 14 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 16 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 17 | |||
| unprompted recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (caregiver) | 18 | |||
| prompted recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (caregiver) | 19 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 20 | |||
| prompted maternal recall of facewashing in the morning (child) | 21 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 22 | |||
| prompted maternal recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (child) | 23 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 24 | |||
| self-reported face washing in morning yesterday (child) | 25 | |||
| method not reported in paper | 26 | |||
| self-reported face washing with soap in morning yesterday (child) | 27 | |||
| studyarm | Study arm | Numeric | ||
| control | 0 | |||
| intervention | 1 | |||
| cluster | 68 clusters in the trial | 1 to 68 | Numeric | |
| hhrank | variable created to identify household level variables (i.e. to see whether a household had soap, you need to tab soap if hhrank ==1) | 1 to 12 | Numeric | |
| hhid | Household ID | Open ended | long | |
| personid | unique number for each individual in a household | 1 to 12 | long | |
| age | age of individual with face washing data | 0 to 90 | Integer | |
| gender | Gender | String | ||
| male | m | |||
| female | f | |||
| caregiver | Is individual the primary caregiver in household? | Numeric | ||
| individual is the primary caregiver in a household | 1 | |||
| Not provided | . | |||
| fw | Was individual observed to wash their face? | Numeric | ||
| individual was observed to wash their face one or more times | 0 | |||
| individual was not observed to wash their face one or more times | 1 |
The following variables are contained within the Followup_data dataset.
| Variable Name | Variable Label | Answer Label | Answer Code | Variable Type |
| GENERAL VARIABLES | ||||
| hhid | unique identifier for household | Open ended | Numeric | |
| studyarm | Study arm | Numeric | ||
| Control | 0 | |||
| Intervention | 1 | |||
| cluster | Cluster number (68 clusters in the trial) | 1 to 68 | Numeric | |
| personid | unique number for each individual in a household | Open ended | Numeric | |
| agegroup | age of individual with face washing data | Numeric | ||
| infant under 1 | 0 | |||
| 1-3 years (pre-school child) | 1 | |||
| 4-6 years (pre-school child) | 2 | |||
| 7-12 years (school-age child) | 3 | |||
| 13-17 years (school0age child) | 4 | |||
| 18 and over | 5 | |||
| gender | gender | String | ||
| male | m | |||
| female | f | |||
| caregiver | Is individual the primary caregiver in household? | Numeric | ||
| individual is the primary caregiver in a household | 1 | |||
| Not indicated | . | |||
| STRUCTURED OBSERVATION DATA | ||||
| num_fw | Number of face washes observed for an individual during observation period | 0 to 3 | Numeric | |
| num_fwws | Number of face washes with soap during observation period | 0 to 2 | Numeric | |
| washed_by | Who performed face wash | Numeric | ||
| Always washed by self | 0 | |||
| Always washed by other | 1 | |||
| Mixed | 2 | |||
| washstation | Wash station (not used in methods paper) | 0, 1, 2 | Numeric | |
| fw | Did individual wash their face during the observation period? | Numeric | ||
| individual did not wash their face during the observation period (no fw) | 0 | |||
| individual washed their face during the observation period (1 or more fw) | 1 | |||
| fwws | Did individual wash their face with soap during the observation period? | Numeric | ||
| individual did not wash their face with soap during the observation period (no fw or fwww) | 0 | |||
| individual washed their face with soap during the observation period (fwwws) | 1 | |||
| fwtype | How did individual wash their face during the observation period? | Numeric | ||
| individual washed their face only with water during the observation period (fwww) | 0 | |||
| individual washed their face one or more times with water and soap during the observation period (fwwws) | 1 | |||
| PICTORIAL RECALL DATA | ||||
| fw_child_mr_pAM | prompted maternal recall of facewashing in the morning (child) | Numeric | ||
| No fash washing (No FW) | 0 | |||
| Face Washing (FW) | 1 | |||
| fwws_child_mr_pAM | prompted maternal recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (child) | Numeric | ||
| No washing with soap (no FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| fw_caregiver_unpAM1 | unprompted recall of facewashing in the morning (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| No fash washing (No FW) | 0 | |||
| Face Washing (FW) | 1 | |||
| fw_caregiver_pAM1 | prompted recall of facewashing in the morning (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| No fash washing (No FW) | 0 | |||
| Face Washing (FW) | 1 | |||
| fwws_caregiver_unpAM1 | unprompted recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| No washing with soap (no FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| fwws_caregiver_pAM1 | prompted recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (caregiver) | Numeric | ||
| No washing with soap (no FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap (FWWS) | 1 | |||
| fw_child_sr_pAM | prompted child self- recall of facewashing in the morning (child) | Numeric | ||
| No fash washing (No FW) | 0 | |||
| Face Washing (FW) | 1 | |||
| fwws_child_sr_pAM | prompted child self- recall of facewashing with soap in the morning (child) | Numeric | ||
| No washing with soap (no FWWS) | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap (FWWS) | 1 |
The following variables are contained in the Endline_observation_data codebook.
| Variable Name | Variable Label | Answer Label | Answer Code | Variable Type |
| timepoint | Timepoint of collection | Numeric | ||
| baseline | 0 | |||
| endline | 2 | |||
| cluster | Trial cluster group | Open ended | Numeric | |
| studyarm | Study arm | Numeric | ||
| Control | 0 | |||
| Intervention | 1 | |||
| hhrank | Household rank (hhrank = 1 is useful for filtering household level variables) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| hhid | ID number assigned to participant in the household | 1 to 12 | Numeric | |
| personid | Identifier for person within household | Open ended | Numeric | |
| family_num | Number of family members in household (household size) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| age_years | Age of person whose behaviour was observed | Open ended | Numeric | |
| sex | Sex of person whose behaviour was observed | String | ||
| Female | female | |||
| Male | male | |||
| resident_status | Resident status | String | ||
| Permanent | permanent | |||
| Temporary | temporary | |||
| person_present | Was person present in the household at the start of the observation session? | Numeric | ||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| Not coded | . | |||
| awake_start | Was person awake at the start of the observation period? | String | ||
| No | no | |||
| Yes | yes | |||
| Missing | . | |||
| fw | Did the person wash their face during the observation period? | Numeric | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes, one or more times | 1 | |||
| fwws | Did the person wash their face with soap during the observation period? | Numeric | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes, one or more times | 1 | |||
| fwtype | What did the person wash their face with during the observation period? | Numeric | ||
| Water only | 0 | |||
| Water and soap | 1 | |||
| obs_person_washed1 | Person being washed (1st occasion) | String | ||
| An infant aged under 1 year | infant | |||
| Child aged 1 to 2 years | child_1_2 | |||
| Child aged 3 to 6 years | child_3_6 | |||
| Child aged 7 to 12 years | child_7_12 | |||
| Child aged 13 to 18 years | child_13_18 | |||
| Father | father | |||
| Mother | mother | |||
| Other adult | other_adult | |||
| obs_person_washing1 | Person washing the person being washed (1st occasion) | String | ||
| Father | father | |||
| Mother | mother | |||
| Self | self | |||
| Sibling | sibling | |||
| fw_type1 | Type of face washing (1st occasion) | Numeric | ||
| Face washing with water | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap | 1 | |||
| obs_person_washed2 | Person being washed (2nd occasion) | String | ||
| An infant aged under 1 year | infant | |||
| Child aged 1 to 2 years | child_1_2 | |||
| Child aged 3 to 6 years | child_3_6 | |||
| Child aged 7 to 12 years | child_7_12 | |||
| Child aged 13 to 18 years | child_13_18 | |||
| Father | father | |||
| Mother | mother | |||
| Other adult | other_adult | |||
| obs_person_washing2 | Person washing the person being washed (2nd occasion) | String | ||
| Father | father | |||
| Mother | mother | |||
| Self | self | |||
| Sibling | sibling | |||
| fw_type2 | Type of face washing (2nd occasion) | Numeric | ||
| Face washing with water | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap | 1 | |||
| obs_person_washed3 | Person being washed (3rd occasion) | String | ||
| An infant aged under 1 year | infant | |||
| Child aged 1 to 2 years | child_1_2 | |||
| Child aged 3 to 6 years | child_3_6 | |||
| Child aged 7 to 12 years | child_7_12 | |||
| Child aged 13 to 18 years | child_13_18 | |||
| Father | father | |||
| Mother | mother | |||
| Other adult | other_adult | |||
| obs_person_washing3 | Person washing the person being washed (3rd occasion) | String | ||
| Father | father | |||
| Mother | mother | |||
| Self | self | |||
| Sibling | sibling | |||
| fw_type3 | Type of face washing (3rd occasion) | Numeric | ||
| Face washing with water | 0 | |||
| Face washing with soap | 1 | |||
| num_fw | Number of times a person was observed to wash their face with or without soap during the observation period | Open ended | Numeric | |
| num_fwws | Number of times a person was observed to wash their face with soap during the observation period | Open ended | Numeric | |
| ever_self | Person washed their own face on at least one occasion | Numeric | ||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| Not coded | . | |||
| ever_other | Person had their face washed by someone else on at least one occasion | Numeric | ||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| Not coded | . | |||
| washed_by | Who performed face wash? Variable created from obs_person_washed1, 2 and 3 | Numeric | ||
| Always washed face themselves | 0 | |||
| Always had their face washed by someone else | 1 | |||
| Mixed - washed their own face and had their face washed by someone else | 2 | |||
| washed_by_bin | Who performed face wash (binary) | Numeric | ||
| Always washed face themselves | 0 | |||
| Ever washed by another | 1 | |||
| obs_object1 | how a person dried their face after washing. NB air dried means they didn't explicitly dry the face | String | ||
| Air dried | air_dried | |||
| Clothing | clothing | |||
| Hand forearm | hand_forearm | |||
| Rag towel | rag_towel | |||
| Not seen | not_seen | |||
| obs_object2 | How a person dried their face the second time they washed it | String | ||
| Air dried | air_dried | |||
| Clothing | clothing | |||
| Hand forearm | hand_forearm | |||
| Rag towel | rag_towel | |||
| Not seen | not_seen | |||
| obs_object3 | How a person dried their face the third time they washed it | String | ||
| Air dried | air_dried | |||
| Clothing | clothing | |||
| Hand forearm | hand_forearm | |||
| Rag towel | rag_towel | |||
| Not seen | not_seen | |||
| obs_object4 | How a person dried their face the fourth time they washed it | String | ||
| Air dried | air_dried | |||
| Clothing | clothing | |||
| Hand forearm | hand_forearm | |||
| Rag towel | rag_towel | |||
| Not seen | not_seen | |||
| washstation | Did a person use the intervention wash station to wash their face during the observation period | Numeric | ||
| Never used wash station for face washes (refers to people who didn't wash their face, or washed their face using other methods) | 0 | |||
| Sometimes used wash station for face washes (used other methods to wash their face on one or more occasions) | 1 | |||
| Only used wash station for face washes during observation period | 2 | |||
| washstation_bin | Did a person use the intervention wash station to wash their face during the observation period? (binary) | Numeric | ||
| Never used wash station | 0 | |||
| Ever used washstation | 1 | |||
| face_wipe2 | qPHAT score - second grader | Open ended | Numeric | |
| face_wipe1 | qPHAT score - first grader (used for analysis) | Open ended | Numeric | |
| ocular_discharge | Did child have ocular discharge on face? | long | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| nasal_discharge | Did child have nasal discharge on face? | long | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| fly_face | Did child have one or more flies on face? | long | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| cleanface | Did child have ocular and/or nasal discharge on their face? | Numeric | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| soap_home | Did household possess soap? | Numeric | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| IWISE4_score | IWISE measure of water insecurity score | Open ended | Numeric | |
| waterinsecureHHs | Is household water secure based on IWISE index? | Numeric | ||
| HH is water secure based on IWISE index | 0 | |||
| HH is water insecure based on IWISE index | 1 | |||
| washstation_working | Was wash station functional? | Numeric | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| washstation_present | Was a wash station present in the household? | Numeric | ||
| No | 0 | |||
| Yes | 1 | |||
| litres_start | Number of observed litres available in the household at the start of the observation period | Open ended | Numeric | |
| hhsize_start | Number of people registered as living in the household who were present at the start of the observation period | Open ended | Numeric | |
| lpc | Calculated number of litres available in the household at start of observation period per household member present during the observation, based on litres_start and hhsize_start | Open ended | Numeric | |
| subj_wealth | How well off do you think your household is in relation to the other households in the village? | long | ||
| very poor | 1 | |||
| poor | 2 | |||
| average | 3 | |||
| wealthy | 4 | |||
| very wealthy | 5 | |||
| ed_bin | Does caregiver have any formal education? (This is a RECODE of socio_demographicsyears_formal_educ (How many years of formal education have you completed?) | Numeric | ||
| Caregiver has no formal education | 0 | |||
| caregiver has some formal education | 1 | |||