Recent dengue outbreaks in Africa: what are the gaps in research? Final search strategies Search methods A draft search strategy was compiled in the OvidSP Medline ALL database by an experienced information specialist. The search strategy included strings of terms and synonyms to reflect the following concepts: Concept 1: disease outbreaks Concept 2: dengue fever Concept 3: selected countries in Africa The search was limited to papers published in 2017 to the present. No other limits were added to the search. The search strategy was refined with the project team until the retrieved results reflected the scope of the project. The following databases were searched on 19 April 2023: Ovid Medline ALL (1946 to April 18, 2024); Ovid Embase Classic + Embase (1947 to 2024 April 18); Ovid Global Health (1910 to 2024 Week 15); EBSCOhost Africa-Wide Information (complete database); Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Core Content (data updated 2024-04-16). The draft search was adapted for each of the databases to incorporate database-specific syntax and controlled vocabularies. All results from the database searches were exported and uploaded to EndNote 21 software. Duplicates were identified and removed using the method described on the LAORS blog (Falconer, Jane, Removing duplicates from an EndNote library. Library & Archives Service Blog: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. 2018. [online blog] http://blogs.lshtm.ac.uk/library/2018/12/07/removing-duplicates-from-an-endnote-library/). Search strategies This appendix provides full details of all search strings used for bibliographic databases, with dates and number of references returned and notes explaining any unusual search techniques or syntax. Ovid Medline ALL Database name Database platform Ovid Dates of database coverage 1946 to April 18, 2024 Date searched 2024-04-19 Number of results 300 EndNote deduplication order 1 Results after duplications removed 295 Notes Search lines ending in a ‘/’ are subject heading searches. Search lines beginning ‘exp’ are exploded subject heading searches. Two-letter codes at the end of search lines designate the fields to search. Fields codes used are: TI: title AB: abstract adjn searches for words within n words of each other. or/x-y combines search sets in the range x-y with Boolean operator OR. * is used for truncation of words. ? finds 0 or 1 character in that placeholder (optional wildcard). words in square brackets […] are comments and are ignored. 1 disease outbreaks/ or disease hotspot/ or epidemics/ 106221 2 epidemic*.ti,ab. 141066 3 (public health emergenc* or PHEIC).ti,ab. 6865 4 (disease adj1 spread*).ti,ab. 4546 5 (outbreak* or hotspot*).ti,ab. 175090 6 or/1-5 330906 7 exp Dengue/ 16592 8 Dengue Virus/ 11042 9 (dengue or DEN or DENV).ti,ab. 51509 10 or/7-9 52637 11 exp "Africa South of the Sahara"/ or ("Africa South of the Sahara" or sub-Saharan Africa or subSaharan Africa).ti,ab. 279941 12 (Central Africa or Eastern Africa or Southern Africa or Western Africa).ti,ab. 11238 13 Algeria/ or Algeria.ti,ab. 5460 14 Angola/ or Angola.ti,ab. 2053 15 Benin/ or (Benin or Dahomey).ti,ab. 4626 16 Botswana/ or (Botswana or Bechuanaland or Kalahari).ti,ab. 3657 17 Burkina Faso/ or (Burkina Faso or Burkina Fasso or Upper Volta).ti,ab. 6046 18 Burundi/ or (Burundi or Ruanda-Urundi).ti,ab. 1268 19 Cameroon/ or (Cameroon or Kamerun or Cameroun).ti,ab. 10212 20 Cape Verde/ or (Cape Verde or Cabo Verde).ti,ab. 849 21 Central African Republic/ or (Central African Republic or Ubangi-Shari).ti,ab. 1414 22 Chad/ or Chad.ti,ab. 1733 23 Comoros/ or (Comoros or Glorioso Islands or Mayotte).ti,ab. 830 24 Congo/ or (Congo not (congo red or crimean-congo)).ti,ab. 8245 25 Cote d'Ivoire/ or ("Cote d'Ivoire" or Cote dIvoire or Ivory Coast).ti,ab. 5406 26 "Democratic Republic of the Congo"/ or (((Democratic Republic or DR) adj2 Congo) or Congo-Kinshasa or Belgian Congo or Zaire or Congo Free State).ti,ab. 7815 27 Equatorial Guinea/ or (Equatorial Guinea or Spanish Guinea).ti,ab. 598 28 Eritrea/ or Eritrea.ti,ab. 841 29 Eswatini/ or (eSwatini or Swaziland).ti,ab. 1317 30 Ethiopia/ or (Ethiopia or Abyssinia).ti,ab. 32664 31 Gabon/ or (Gabon or Gabonese Republic).ti,ab. 2496 32 Gambia/ or Gambia.ti,ab. 3772 33 Ghana/ or (Ghana or Gold Coast).ti,ab. 18051 34 Guinea/ or (Guinea not (New Guinea or Guinea Pig* or Guinea Fowl or Guinea-Bissau or Portuguese Guinea or Equatorial Guinea)).ti,ab. 3727 35 Guinea-Bissau/ or (Guinea-Bissau or Portuguese Guinea).ti,ab. 1443 36 Kenya/ or (Kenya or East Africa Protectorate).ti,ab. 28297 37 Lesotho/ or (Lesotho or Basutoland).ti,ab. 1080 38 Liberia/ or Liberia.ti,ab. 2372 39 Madagascar/ or (Madagascar or Malagasy Republic).ti,ab. 6502 40 Malawi/ or (Malawi or Nyasaland).ti,ab. 10308 41 Mali/ or Mali.ti,ab. 5136 42 Mauritania/ or Mauritania.ti,ab. 894 43 Mauritius/ or (Mauritius or Agalega Islands).ti,ab. 1320 44 Mozambique/ or (Mozambique or Mocambique or Portuguese East Africa).ti,ab. 5237 45 Namibia/ or (Namibia or German South West Africa).ti,ab. 2430 46 Niger/ or (Niger not (Aspergillus or Peptococcus or Schizothorax or Cruciferae or Gobius or Lasius or Agelastes or Melanosuchus or radish or Parastromateus or Orius or Apergillus or Parastromateus or Stomoxys)).ti,ab. 4497 47 Nigeria/ or Nigeria.ti,ab. 47696 48 Rwanda/ or (Rwanda or Ruanda).ti,ab. 5011 49 (Sao Tome adj2 Principe).ti,ab. 211 50 Senegal/ or Senegal.ti,ab. 8899 51 Seychelles/ or Seychelles.ti,ab. 957 52 Sierra Leone/ or (Sierra Leone or Salone).ti,ab. 3336 53 South Africa/ or South Africa.ti,ab. 67638 54 South Sudan/ or South Sudan.ti,ab. 865 55 Tanzania/ or (Tanzania or Tanganyika or Zanzibar).ti,ab. 20437 56 Togo/ or (Togo or Togolese Republic or Togoland).ti,ab. 2099 57 Uganda/ or Uganda.ti,ab. 22818 58 Zambia/ or (Zambia or Northern Rhodesia).ti,ab. 8185 59 Zimbabwe/ or (Zimbabwe or Southern Rhodesia).ti,ab. 9257 60 or/11-59 369062 61 6 and 10 and 60 539 62 limit 61 to yr="2017 -Current" 302 63 remove duplicates from 62 300 Ovid Embase Classic+Embase Database name Embase Classic+Embase Database platform Ovid Dates of database coverage 1947 to 2024 April 18 Date searched 2024-04-19 Number of results 410 EndNote deduplication order 2 Results after duplications removed 167 Notes Search lines ending in a ‘/’ are subject heading searches. Search lines beginning ‘exp’ are exploded subject heading searches. Two-letter codes at the end of search lines designate the fields to search. Fields codes used are: TI: title AB: abstract adjn searches for words within n words of each other. or/x-y combines search sets in the range x-y with Boolean operator OR. * is used for truncation of words. ? finds 0 or 1 character in that placeholder (optional wildcard). words in square brackets […] are comments and are ignored. 1 exp epidemic/ 150400 2 disease hotspot/ 637 3 epidemic*.ti,ab. 171212 4 (public health emergenc* or PHEIC).ti,ab. 7273 5 (disease adj1 spread*).ti,ab. 5230 6 (outbreak* or hotspot*).ti,ab. 200742 7 or/1-6 393981 8 exp dengue/ 30474 9 exp Dengue virus/ 18912 10 (dengue or DEN or DENV).ti,ab. 47238 11 or/8-10 54062 12 "africa south of the sahara"/ or central africa/ 20931 13 ("Africa South of the Sahara" or sub-Saharan Africa or subSaharan Africa).ti,ab. 36207 14 (Central Africa or Eastern Africa or Southern Africa or Western Africa).ti,ab. 12663 15 Algeria/ or Algeria.ti,ab. 8255 16 Angola/ or Angola.ti,ab. 2545 17 Benin/ or (Benin or Dahomey).ti,ab. 6296 18 Botswana/ or (Botswana or Bechuanaland or Kalahari).ti,ab. 4523 19 Burkina Faso/ or (Burkina Faso or Burkina Fasso or Upper Volta).ti,ab. 7386 20 Burundi/ or (Burundi or Ruanda-Urundi).ti,ab. 1557 21 Cameroon/ or (Cameroon or Kamerun or Cameroun).ti,ab. 11975 22 Cape Verde/ or (Cape Verde or Cabo Verde).ti,ab. 956 23 Central African Republic/ or (Central African Republic or Ubangi-Shari).ti,ab. 1650 24 Chad/ or Chad.ti,ab. 2445 25 Comoros/ or (Comoros or Glorioso Islands or Mayotte).ti,ab. 929 26 Congo/ or (Congo not (congo red or crimean-congo)).ti,ab. 10592 27 Cote d'Ivoire/ or ("Cote d'Ivoire" or Cote dIvoire or Ivory Coast).ti,ab. 6450 28 "Democratic Republic of the Congo"/ or (((Democratic Republic or DR) adj2 Congo) or Congo-Kinshasa or Belgian Congo or Zaire or Congo Free State).ti,ab. 9001 29 Equatorial Guinea/ or (Equatorial Guinea or Spanish Guinea).ti,ab. 841 30 Eritrea/ or Eritrea.ti,ab. 1074 31 Eswatini/ or (eSwatini or Swaziland).ti,ab. 1487 32 Ethiopia/ or (Ethiopia or Abyssinia).ti,ab. 34078 33 Gabon/ or (Gabon or Gabonese Republic).ti,ab. 2887 34 Gambia/ or Gambia.ti,ab. 4259 35 Ghana/ or (Ghana or Gold Coast).ti,ab. 21107 36 Guinea/ or (Guinea not (New Guinea or Guinea Pig* or Guinea Fowl or Guinea-Bissau or Portuguese Guinea or Equatorial Guinea)).ti,ab. 5403 37 Guinea-Bissau/ or (Guinea-Bissau or Portuguese Guinea).ti,ab. 1683 38 Kenya/ or (Kenya or East Africa Protectorate).ti,ab. 33223 39 Lesotho/ or (Lesotho or Basutoland).ti,ab. 1360 40 Liberia/ or Liberia.ti,ab. 2965 41 Madagascar/ or (Madagascar or Malagasy Republic).ti,ab. 7458 42 Malawi/ or (Malawi or Nyasaland).ti,ab. 12325 43 Mali/ or Mali.ti,ab. 6466 44 Mauritania/ or Mauritania.ti,ab. 1125 45 Mauritius/ or (Mauritius or Agalega Islands).ti,ab. 1616 46 Mozambique/ or (Mozambique or Mocambique or Portuguese East Africa).ti,ab. 6482 47 Namibia/ or (Namibia or German South West Africa).ti,ab. 2803 48 Niger/ or (Niger not (Aspergillus or Peptococcus or Schizothorax or Cruciferae or Gobius or Lasius or Agelastes or Melanosuchus or radish or Parastromateus or Orius or Apergillus or Parastromateus or Stomoxys)).ti,ab. 6250 49 Nigeria/ or Nigeria.ti,ab. 58429 50 Rwanda/ or (Rwanda or Ruanda).ti,ab. 6241 51 "Sao Tome and Principe"/ or (Sao Tome adj2 Principe).ti,ab. 287 52 Senegal/ or Senegal.ti,ab. 10598 53 Seychelles/ or Seychelles.ti,ab. 1044 54 Sierra Leone/ or (Sierra Leone or Salone).ti,ab. 4145 55 South Africa/ or South Africa.ti,ab. 77722 56 South Sudan/ or South Sudan.ti,ab. 1091 57 Tanzania/ or (Tanzania or Tanganyika or Zanzibar).ti,ab. 24276 58 Togo/ or (Togo or Togolese Republic or Togoland).ti,ab. 2579 59 Uganda/ or Uganda.ti,ab. 28769 60 Zambia/ or (Zambia or Northern Rhodesia).ti,ab. 9949 61 Zimbabwe/ or (Zimbabwe or Southern Rhodesia).ti,ab. 10181 62 or/12-61 414588 63 7 and 11 and 62 771 64 limit 63 to yr="2017 -Current" 415 65 remove duplicates from 64 410 Ovid Global Health Database name Global Health Database platform Ovid Dates of database coverage 1910 to 2024 Week 15 Date searched 2024-04-19 Number of results 301 EndNote deduplication order 3 Results after duplications removed 68 Notes Search lines ending in a ‘/’ are subject heading searches. Search lines beginning ‘exp’ are exploded subject heading searches. Two-letter codes at the end of search lines designate the fields to search. Fields codes used are: TI: title AB: abstract adjn searches for words within n words of each other. or/x-y combines search sets in the range x-y with Boolean operator OR. * is used for truncation of words. ? finds 0 or 1 character in that placeholder (optional wildcard). words in square brackets […] are comments and are ignored. 1 outbreaks/ or epidemics/ 109574 2 epidemic*.ti,ab. 93513 3 (public health emergenc* or PHEIC).ti,ab. 3846 4 (disease adj1 spread*).ti,ab. 2073 5 (outbreak* or hotspot*).ti,ab. 111733 6 or/1-5 190689 7 exp dengue virus/ 25552 8 (dengue or DEN or DENV).ti,ab. 30552 9 or/7-8 31035 10 exp "africa south of sahara"/ or ("Africa South of the Sahara" or sub-Saharan Africa or subSaharan Africa).ti,ab. 275787 11 (Central Africa or Eastern Africa or Southern Africa or Western Africa).ti,ab. 7393 12 Algeria/ or Algeria.ti,ab. 6792 13 Angola/ or Angola.ti,ab. 2048 14 Benin/ or (Benin or Dahomey).ti,ab. 4786 15 Botswana/ or (Botswana or Bechuanaland or Kalahari).ti,ab. 2714 16 Burkina Faso/ or (Burkina Faso or Burkina Fasso or Upper Volta).ti,ab. 6654 17 Burundi/ or (Burundi or Ruanda-Urundi).ti,ab. 1366 18 Cameroon/ or (Cameroon or Kamerun or Cameroun).ti,ab. 9810 19 Cape Verde/ or (Cape Verde or Cabo Verde).ti,ab. 487 20 Central African Republic/ or (Central African Republic or Ubangi-Shari).ti,ab. 1447 21 Chad/ or Chad.ti,ab. 1839 22 exp Comoros/ or (Comoros or Glorioso Islands or Mayotte).ti,ab. 666 23 Congo/ or (Congo not (congo red or crimean-congo)).ti,ab. 9531 24 Cote d'Ivoire/ or ("Cote d'Ivoire" or Cote dIvoire or Ivory Coast).ti,ab. 6085 25 Congo Democratic Republic/ or (((Democratic Republic or DR) adj2 Congo) or Congo-Kinshasa or Belgian Congo or Zaire or Congo Free State).ti,ab. 9588 26 Equatorial Guinea/ or (Equatorial Guinea or Spanish Guinea).ti,ab. 621 27 Eritrea/ or Eritrea.ti,ab. 919 28 Eswatini/ or (eSwatini or Swaziland).ti,ab. 1243 29 Ethiopia/ or (Ethiopia or Abyssinia).ti,ab. 23084 30 Gabon/ or (Gabon or Gabonese Republic).ti,ab. 2227 31 Gambia/ or Gambia.ti,ab. 3838 32 Ghana/ or (Ghana or Gold Coast).ti,ab. 15362 33 Guinea/ or (Guinea not (New Guinea or Guinea Pig* or Guinea Fowl or Guinea-Bissau or Portuguese Guinea or Equatorial Guinea)).ti,ab. 3822 34 Guinea-Bissau/ or (Guinea-Bissau or Portuguese Guinea).ti,ab. 1284 35 Kenya/ or (Kenya or East Africa Protectorate).ti,ab. 24066 36 Lesotho/ or (Lesotho or Basutoland).ti,ab. 980 37 Liberia/ or Liberia.ti,ab. 2312 38 Madagascar/ or (Madagascar or Malagasy Republic).ti,ab. 4877 39 Malawi/ or (Malawi or Nyasaland).ti,ab. 8819 40 Mali/ or Mali.ti,ab. 4536 41 Mauritania/ or Mauritania.ti,ab. 827 42 exp Mauritius/ or (Mauritius or Agalega Islands).ti,ab. 1231 43 exp Mozambique/ or (Mozambique or Mocambique or Portuguese East Africa).ti,ab. 4540 44 Namibia/ or (Namibia or German South West Africa).ti,ab. 1619 45 Niger/ or (Niger not (Aspergillus or Peptococcus or Schizothorax or Cruciferae or Gobius or Lasius or Agelastes or Melanosuchus or radish or Parastromateus or Orius or Apergillus or Parastromateus or Stomoxys)).ti,ab. 4588 46 Nigeria/ or Nigeria.ti,ab. 45621 47 Rwanda/ or (Rwanda or Ruanda).ti,ab. 3694 48 exp "sao tome and principe"/ or (Sao Tome adj2 Principe).ti,ab. 324 49 Senegal/ or Senegal.ti,ab. 8308 50 exp Seychelles/ or Seychelles.ti,ab. 478 51 Sierra Leone/ or (Sierra Leone or Salone).ti,ab. 3159 52 exp South Africa/ or South Africa.ti,ab. 43517 53 South Sudan/ or South Sudan.ti,ab. 846 54 exp Tanzania/ or (Tanzania or Tanganyika or Zanzibar).ti,ab. 17753 55 Togo/ or (Togo or Togolese Republic or Togoland).ti,ab. 2313 56 Uganda/ or Uganda.ti,ab. 18724 57 Zambia/ or (Zambia or Northern Rhodesia).ti,ab. 7151 58 Zimbabwe/ or (Zimbabwe or Southern Rhodesia).ti,ab. 8287 59 or/10-58 294967 60 6 and 9 and 59 719 61 limit 60 to yr="2017 -Current" 301 62 remove duplicates from 61 301 EBSCOhost Africa-Wide Information Database name Africa-Wide Information Database platform EBSCOhost Dates of database coverage Complete database to search date Date searched 2024-04-19 Number of results 147 EndNote deduplication order 4 Results after duplications removed 11 Notes Two-letter codes at the start of search lines designate the fields to search. Fields codes used are: TI: title AB: abstract Nn searches for words within n words of each other. * is used for truncation of words. # finds 0 or 1 character in that placeholder (optional wildcard). S1 (AB (epidemic* or "public health emergenc*" or PHEIC or (disease N1 spread*) or outbreak* or hotspot*)) or (TI (epidemic* or "public health emergenc*" or PHEIC or (disease N1 spread*) or outbreak* or hotspot*)) 49,185 S2 (AB (dengue or DEN or DENV)) or (TI (dengue or DEN or DENV)) 15,533 S3 (AB ("Africa south of the Sahara" or "sub-Saharan Africa" or "subSaharan Africa" or "Central Africa" or "Eastern Africa" or "Southern Africa" or "Western Africa")) or (TI ("Africa south of the Sahara" or "sub-Saharan Africa" or "subSaharan Africa" or "Central Africa" or "Eastern Africa" or "Southern Africa" or "Western Africa")) 79,178 S4 (AB (Algeria or Angola or Benin or Dahomey or Botswana or Bechuanaland or Kalahari or "Burkina Faso" or "Burkina Fasso" or "Upper Volta" or Burundi or "Ruanda-Urundi" or Cameroon or Kamerun or Cameroun or "Cape Verde" or "Cabo Verde" or "Central African Republic" or "Ubangi-Shari" or Chad or Comoros or "Glorioso Islands" or Mayotte or (Congo not ("congo red" or "crimean-congo")) or "Cote d'Ivoire" or "Cote dIvoire" or "Ivory Coast" or (("Democratic Republic" or DR) N2 Congo) or "Congo-Kinshasa" or "Belgian Congo" or Zaire or "Congo Free State")) or (TI (Algeria or Angola or Benin or Dahomey or Botswana or Bechuanaland or Kalahari or "Burkina Faso" or "Burkina Fasso" or "Upper Volta" or Burundi or "Ruanda-Urundi" or Cameroon or Kamerun or Cameroun or "Cape Verde" or "Cabo Verde" or "Central African Republic" or "Ubangi-Shari" or Chad or Comoros or "Glorioso Islands" or Mayotte or (Congo not ("congo red" or "crimean-congo")) or "Cote d'Ivoire" or "Cote dIvoire" or "Ivory Coast" or (("Democratic Republic" or DR) N2 Congo) or "Congo-Kinshasa" or "Belgian Congo" or Zaire or "Congo Free State")) 170,715 S5 (AB ("Equatorial Guinea" or "Spanish Guinea" or Eritrea or eSwatini or Swaziland or Ethiopia or Abyssinia or Gabon or "Gabonese Republic" or Gambia or Ghana or "Gold Coast" or (Guinea not ("New Guinea" or "Guinea Pig*" or "Guinea Fowl")) or "Guinea-Bissau" or "Portuguese Guinea" or Kenya or "East Africa Protectorate" or Lesotho or Basutoland or Liberia or Madagascar or "Malagasy Republic" or Malawi or Nyasaland or Mali or Mauritania or Mauritius or "Agalega Islands" or Mozambique or Mocambique or "Portuguese East Africa")) or (TI ("Equatorial Guinea" or "Spanish Guinea" or Eritrea or eSwatini or Swaziland or Ethiopia or Abyssinia or Gabon or "Gabonese Republic" or Gambia or Ghana or "Gold Coast" or (Guinea not ("New Guinea" or "Guinea Pig*" or "Guinea Fowl")) or "Guinea-Bissau" or "Portuguese Guinea" or Kenya or "East Africa Protectorate" or Lesotho or Basutoland or Liberia or Madagascar or "Malagasy Republic" or Malawi or Nyasaland or Mali or Mauritania or Mauritius or "Agalega Islands" or Mozambique or Mocambique or "Portuguese East Africa")) 274,317 S6 (AB (Namibia or "German South West Africa" or (Niger not (Aspergillus or Peptococcus or Schizothorax or Cruciferae or Gobius or Lasius or Agelastes or Melanosuchus or radish or Parastromateus or Orius or Apergillus or Parastromateus or Stomoxys)) or Nigeria or Rwanda or Ruanda or ("Sao Tome" N2 Principe) or Senegal or Seychelles or "Sierra Leone" or Salone or "South Africa" or "South Sudan" or Tanzania or Tanganyika or Zanzibar or Togo or "Togolese Republic" or Togoland or Uganda or Zambia or "Northern Rhodesia" or Zimbabwe or "Southern Rhodesia")) or (TI (Namibia or "German South West Africa" or (Niger not (Aspergillus or Peptococcus or Schizothorax or Cruciferae or Gobius or Lasius or Agelastes or Melanosuchus or radish or Parastromateus or Orius or Apergillus or Parastromateus or Stomoxys)) or Nigeria or Rwanda or Ruanda or ("Sao Tome" N2 Principe) or Senegal or Seychelles or "Sierra Leone" or Salone or "South Africa" or "South Sudan" or Tanzania or Tanganyika or Zanzibar or Togo or "Togolese Republic" or Togoland or Uganda or Zambia or "Northern Rhodesia" or Zimbabwe or "Southern Rhodesia")) 602,885 S7 S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 1,004,318 S8 S1 AND S2 AND S7 330 S9 S8 Limiters - Publication Year: 2017-2024 147 Clarivate Analytics Web of Science databases Database name Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) Arts & Humanities Citation Index (SSCI) Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Science (CPCI-S) Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH) Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) Database platform Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Dates of database coverage SCI-EXPANDED, 1970-present SSCI, 1970-present AHCI, 1975-present CPCI-S, 1990-present CPCI-SSH, 1990-present ESCI, 2018-present Data updated 2024-04-16 Date searched 2024-04-19 Number of results 267 EndNote deduplication order 5 Results after duplications removed 23 Notes Two-letter codes at the beginning of search lines designate the fields to search. Fields codes used are: TI: title AB: abstract NEAR/n searches for words within n words of each other. * is used for truncation of words. $ finds 0 or 1 character in that placeholder (optional wildcard). 1: AB=(epidemic* or "public health emergenc*" or "PHEIC" or ("disease" NEAR/1 spread*) or outbreak* or hotspot*) or TI=(epidemic* or "public health emergenc*" or "PHEIC" or ("disease" NEAR/1 spread*) or outbreak* or hotspot*) Results: 363797 2: AB=("dengue" or "DEN" or "DENV") or TI=("dengue" or "DEN" or "DENV") Results: 48221 3: AB=("Africa south of the Sahara" or "sub-Saharan Africa" or "subSaharan Africa" or "Central Africa" or "Eastern Africa" or "Southern Africa" or "Western Africa") or TI=("Africa south of the Sahara" or "sub-Saharan Africa" or "subSaharan Africa" or "Central Africa" or "Eastern Africa" or "Southern Africa" or "Western Africa") Results: 71362 4: AB=("Algeria" or "Angola" or "Benin" or "Dahomey" or "Botswana" or "Bechuanaland" or "Kalahari" or "Burkina Faso" or "Burkina Fasso" or "Upper Volta" or "Burundi" or "Ruanda-Urundi" or "Cameroon"or "Kamerun" or "Cameroun" or "Cape Verde" or "Cabo Verde" or "Central African Republic" or "Ubangi-Shari" or "Chad" or "Comoros" or "Glorioso Islands" or "Mayotte" or ("Congo" not ("congo red" or "crimean-congo")) or "Cote d'Ivoire" or "Cote dIvoire" or "Ivory Coast" or (("Democratic Republic" or "DR") NEAR/2 "Congo") or "Congo-Kinshasa" or "Belgian Congo" or "Zaire" or "Congo Free State") or TI=("Algeria" or "Angola" or "Benin" or "Dahomey" or "Botswana" or "Bechuanaland" or "Kalahari" or "Burkina Faso" or "Burkina Fasso" or "Upper Volta" or "Burundi" or "Ruanda-Urundi" or "Cameroon"or "Kamerun" or "Cameroun" or "Cape Verde" or "Cabo Verde" or "Central African Republic" or "Ubangi-Shari" or "Chad" or "Comoros" or "Glorioso Islands" or "Mayotte" or ("Congo" not ("congo red" or "crimean-congo")) or "Cote d'Ivoire" or "Cote dIvoire" or "Ivory Coast" or (("Democratic Republic" or "DR") NEAR/2 "Congo") or "Congo-Kinshasa" or "Belgian Congo" or "Zaire" or "Congo Free State") Results: 96408 5: AB=("Equatorial Guinea" or "Spanish Guinea" or "Eritrea" or "eSwatini" or "Swaziland" or "Ethiopia" or "Abyssinia" or "Gabon" or "Gabonese Republic" or "Gambia" or "Ghana" or "Gold Coast" or ("Guinea" not ("New Guinea" or "Guinea Pig*" or "Guinea Fowl")) or "Guinea-Bissau" or "Portuguese Guinea" or "Kenya" or "East Africa Protectorate" or "Lesotho" or "Basutoland" or "Liberia" or "Madagascar" or "Malagasy Republic" or "Malawi" or "Nyasaland" or "Mali" or "Mauritania" or "Mauritius" or "Agalega Islands" or "Mozambique" or "Mocambique" or "Portuguese East Africa") or TI=("Equatorial Guinea" or "Spanish Guinea" or "Eritrea" or "eSwatini" or "Swaziland" or "Ethiopia" or "Abyssinia" or "Gabon" or "Gabonese Republic" or "Gambia" or "Ghana" or "Gold Coast" or ("Guinea" not ("New Guinea" or "Guinea Pig*" or "Guinea Fowl")) or "Guinea-Bissau" or "Portuguese Guinea" or "Kenya" or "East Africa Protectorate" or "Lesotho" or "Basutoland" or "Liberia" or "Madagascar" or "Malagasy Republic" or "Malawi" or "Nyasaland" or "Mali" or "Mauritania" or "Mauritius" or "Agalega Islands" or "Mozambique" or "Mocambique" or "Portuguese East Africa") Results: 193598 6: AB=("Namibia" or "German South West Africa" or ("Niger" not ("Aspergillus" or "Peptococcus" or "Schizothorax" or "Cruciferae" or "Gobius" or "Lasius" or "Agelastes" or "Melanosuchus" or "radish" or "Parastromateus" or "Orius" or "Apergillus" or "Parastromateus" or "Stomoxys")) or "Nigeria" or "Rwanda" or "Ruanda" or ("Sao Tome" NEAR/2 "Principe") or "Senegal" or "Seychelles" or "Sierra Leone" or "Salone" or "South Africa" or "South Sudan" or "Tanzania" or "Tanganyika" or "Zanzibar" or "Togo" or "Togolese Republic" or "Togoland" or "Uganda" or "Zambia" or "Northern Rhodesia" or "Zimbabwe" or "Southern Rhodesia") or TI=("Namibia" or "German South West Africa" or ("Niger" not ("Aspergillus" or "Peptococcus" or "Schizothorax" or "Cruciferae" or "Gobius" or "Lasius" or "Agelastes" or "Melanosuchus" or "radish" or "Parastromateus" or "Orius" or "Apergillus" or "Parastromateus" or "Stomoxys")) or "Nigeria" or "Rwanda" or "Ruanda" or ("Sao Tome" NEAR/2 "Principe") or "Senegal" or "Seychelles" or "Sierra Leone" or "Salone" or "South Africa" or "South Sudan" or "Tanzania" or "Tanganyika" or "Zanzibar" or "Togo" or "Togolese Republic" or "Togoland" or "Uganda" or "Zambia" or "Northern Rhodesia" or "Zimbabwe" or "Southern Rhodesia") Results: 305876 7: #6 OR #5 OR #4 OR #3 Results: 596102 8: #7 AND #2 AND #1 Results: 437 9: #8 Timespan: 2017-01-01 to 2024-12-31 Results: 267 Jane Falconer Document updated: [date] User Support Services Librarian jane.falconer@lshtm.ac.uk