https://doi.org/10.17037/DATA.00001698
The baseline dataset contains data collected as part of a baseline survey, conducted in June-November 2017, as part of a nationally-representative, population-based survey of disability of Maldivian citizens aged 2+ (screened using the Washington Group questions). All people identified as having a disability were asked additional questions as part of a case-control study, that also included people without disabilities matched by age (+/- 5 years), location and sex. The same question sets were also asked to new enrolees to the Disability Allowance (cluster_no>=53), a monthly disability-targeted cash transfer. Datasets are part of a data collection for the 3ie funded project "Impact of the Disability Allowance in the Maldives" (grant number: PW3.11.MDV.IE).
The dataset contains the following variables:
| Variable Name | Description | Response options | Universe |
| agegrp3 | Age group | 1=2-18 years 2=18-64 years 3=65+ years |
All |
| agegrpA | Age groups | 1=2-18 years 2=18-39 years 3=40-64 years 4=65+ |
All |
| asset_bot25 | Household's assets are in the bottom quartile | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| availCC | Completed Case Control questionnaire | 0=No 1=Yes |
All |
| avail_HE | Completed Household Expenditure questionnaire | 0=No 1=Yes |
All |
| avail_DS | Completed Disability Screening questionnaire | 0=No 1=Yes |
All |
| avail_HH | Completed Household questionnaire | 0=No 1=Yes |
All |
| cc | Case or control status (cases are db_cc==1) | 0=Control 1=Case |
availCC=1 |
| cc3 | Case or control status (excluding cases who do not meet db_WG=1) | 0=Control 1=Case |
availCC=1 |
| commpart3 | Do you participate in local community meetings? | 0=No 1=Sometimes 2=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| db_anxdep | Has anxiety/depression | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 |
| db_backg_age_start | Age of disability onset | Number | avail_DS=1 & db_cc==1 |
| db_see | Has a lot of difficult/cannot do for seeing (with or without glasses) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 |
| db_hear | Has a lot of difficult/cannot do for hearing (with or without hearing aid) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 |
| db_walk | Has a lot of difficult/cannot do for walking (with or without walking aid) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 |
| db_comm | Has a lot of difficult/cannot do for understanding or being understood | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 |
| db_upp | Has a lot of difficult/cannot do for upper body functioning (lifting, using hands) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & age<5 or age>=18 |
| db_sc | Has a lot of difficult/cannot do for self-care | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & age>=5 |
| db_learn | Has a lot of difficult/cannot do for learning | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & age>=5 & age<18 |
| db_rem | Has a lot of difficult/cannot do for remembering/concentrating | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & age>=5 & age<18 |
| hseek_see | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have seeing? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_see=1 |
| hseek_hear | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have hearing? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_hear=1 |
| hseek_see | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have walking? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_walk=1 |
| hseek_sc | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have with self-care? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_sc=1 |
| hseek_und | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have with understanding/being understood? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_comm=1 |
| hseek_rem | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have with remembering/concentrating? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_rem=1 |
| hseek_lift | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have with upper body functioning? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_upp=1 |
| hseek_anxdep | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have with anxiety or depression? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_anxdep=1 |
| hseek_learn | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have with learning? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_learn=1 |
| hseek_dboth | Have you ever gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have with [other eligible disability]? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_oth=1 |
| db_elig | Disability Allowance: Are you eligible to receive this benefit? | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & cc=1 |
| db_eligible | TO INTERVIEWER: is this an eligible disability type for the study? | 0=No 1=Yes |
db_oth=1 |
| db_oth | Do you have a physical or mental impairment that has a ‘substantial’ and ‘long-term’ negative effect on your ability to do normal daily activities? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 |
| db_WG | Meets Washington Group definition of disability | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 |
| db_whynot | Disability Allowance: If not receiving this benefit that you are eligible for, what is the reason? | 1=I don't know how to apply 2=Application is too complicated 3=These benefits wouldn't be helpful for me 4=Applied but denied |
cc=1 & sp_db=0 & db_elig=1 |
| dpo_aware | Are you aware of organizations for people with disabilities (DPO)? | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & cc=1 & age>=15 |
| dpo_memb | Are you a member of a DPO? | 0=No 1=Yes |
dpo_aware=1 |
| edu | Total spending on education | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| eduPCE | Total education spending per capita | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| exptot | Total household expenditures all categories | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| exptot_nohc | Total household expenditures, excluding healthcare | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| exptot_norent | Total household expenditures, excluding rent | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| exptot_norhc | Total household expenditures, excluding rent and healthcare | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| famevent3 | Do you go with the family to events such as family gatherings, social events, etc? | 0=No 1=Sometimes 2=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| famhelp | Does the family help you with daily activities/tasks? | 1=Yes 2=No 3=Sometimes 4=N/A 88=Don't know |
availCC=1 & cc=1 & age>=15 |
| floor | What type of material is used for the major part of the floor? (Observe, don't ask) | 1=Parquet/wood 2=Vinyl/asphalt strips 3=Ceramic tiles 4=Cement/slake lime 5=Carpet 6=Wood planks 7=Palm 8=Sand 9=Other |
avail_HH=1 |
| food_miss | Total number of missing food items | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| food_tot | Total food spending in last month | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| foodPCE | Total food spending per capita | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| gender | Gender | 1=Male 2=Female |
All |
| HE_pov | Household is living in poverty (below national per capita income poverty line) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 & income>0 |
| health | Total health spending | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| health_prob | Have you had any serious health problems during the last twelve months? | 0=Yes 1=No |
availCC=1 |
| healthPCE | Total health spending per capita | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| helpapprec | Do you appreciate it or like the fact that you get this help? | 1=Yes 2=No 3=Sometimes 4=N/A 88=Don't know |
famhelp=1 |
| hhconv3 | Does the family involve you in conversations? | 0=No 1=Sometimes 2=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| hhdec3 | Are you consulted about making household decisions? | 0=No 1=Sometimes 2=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| HHID | Four digit household ID number | Number | All |
| hhinvol3 | Do you feel involved and part of the household or family? | 0=No 1=Sometimes 2=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| hrate | On a scale of 0 to 100, with 100 being the best imaginable health state and 0 being the worst state imaginable, how would you rate your health TODAY? | Number 0-100 | availCC==1 & age>=16 |
| hseek_anxdep | Anxiety/depression: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & db_anxdep=1 |
| hseek_dboth | Other disability: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & db_oth=1 |
| hseek_hear | Hearing: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & db_hear=1 |
| hseek_learn | Learning: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & db_learn=1 |
| hseek_lift | Use of hands/upper body: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & db_upp=1 |
| hseek_rem | Remembering: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & db_rem=1 |
| hseek_sc | Self-care: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & db_sc=1 |
| hseek_see | Seeing: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & db_see=1 |
| hseek_und | Understanding: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_DS=1 & db_und=1 |
| hseek_walk | Walking: In the last 2 years [from endline], have you gone to see a doctor/health professional about the difficulites you have in this area? | 0=No 1=Yes |
availDS=1 & db_walk=1 |
| hsp_cat | Household spending is equal to or greater than 25% of household income | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 & avail_HE=1 |
| hsp_inc | Healthcare spending as a proportion of income | Number | avail_HH=1 & avail_HE=1 |
| impdec2 | Makes important decisions about life at least sometimes | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| inc_pc | Income per capita | Number | avail_HH=1 & income>0 |
| income | What is the total average monthly income of all the family members (from all sources: salary, government allowances, gifts, remittances , rental properties etc)? MVR | Number | |
| leis | Total spending on leisure | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| leisPCE | Total leisure spending per capita | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| loc_M | Household located in Male' atoll | 0=No 1=Yes |
All |
| mem_sleep | Number of people per sleeping room | Number | avail_HH=1 |
| nodb_why | Reason why person with a disability isn't enrolled in the Disability Allowance | 1=Never heard of programme 2=Not eligible for the programme 3=I don't know how to apply 4=Application is too complicated 5=These benefits wouldn't be helpful for me 6=Applied but denied |
availCC=1 & cc=1 |
| nonfood | Total spending on household non-food expenses | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| nonfoodPCE | Total non-food household expenses per capita | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| nonfoodPCE_norent | Total non-food expenses per capita, no rent | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| other | Other household spending total | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| otherPCE | Total other spending per capita | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| own | Which of the following applies to your household's housing situation? (Read options) | 1=Own home (outright or making mortgage payments) 2=Rent home 3=Uses without paying rent 4=Temporary dwelling |
avail_HH=1 |
| partID | Six digit individual ID number | Number | All |
| partscore2 | Participation score (%) | Number | availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| PCE_ann | Total per capita spending | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| PCEtot | Total per capita spending, all categories | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| PCEtot_nohc | Total per capita spending, all categories except health | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| PCEtot_norent | Total per capita spending, all categories except rent | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| PCEtot_norhc | Total per capita spending, all categories except health and rent | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| possession_HQ6_1 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order):Radio/Stereo | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_10 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order): Motorcycle/motor scooter | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_11 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order): Bicycle | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_12 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order): Washing machine | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_13 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order): Air conditioner | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_14 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order): Boat / Dhoni / Speedboat | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_2 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order):Television | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_3 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order):Refrigerator/Freezer | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_4 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order):Satellite dish/cable TV connection | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_5 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order):Mobile phone (smartphone, has data/3G/4G) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_6 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order):Mobile phone (non-smartphone, i.e. no data/3G/4G) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_7 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order): Computer / laptop | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_8 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order): Internet access | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| possession_HQ6_9 | Does any member of your household own the following (in working order): Car/ pickup truck / jeep | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| prop_rent | Do they collect rent on this property? [if "property"=1] | 0=No 1=Yes 2=Don't know |
avail_HH=1 & property=1 |
| property | Other than this home, does any household member own other property? | 0=No 1=Yes 2=Don't know |
avail_HH=1 |
| property2 | Recoded "property" (Don't know coded as no) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| qol | How would you rate your quality of life? | 1=Very poor 2=Poor 3=Neither poor nor good 4=Good 5=Very good |
availCC=1 & age>=18 |
| qol_env | Score for quality of life environment domain | Number | availCC=1 & age>=18 |
| qol_health | How satisfied are you with your health? | 1=Very dissatisfied 2=Dissatsifed 3=Neither satisfied or satisfied 4=Satisfied 5=Very satisfied |
availCC=1 & age>=18 |
| qol_phys | Score for quality of life physical functioning domain | Number | availCC=1 & age>=18 |
| qol_psy | Score for quality of life psychological functioning domain | Number | availCC=1 & age>=18 |
| qol_soc | Score for quality of life social relationships domain | Number | availCC=1 & age>=18 |
| roof | What is the type of material used for construction of the major part of the roof? (Observe, don’t ask): | 1=Galvanised sheets 2=Cement 3=Wood 4=Roofing tiles 5=Roofing shingles 6=Thatch/palm leaf 7=No roof 8=Other |
avail_HH=1 |
| rooms2 | How many rooms does your household use for sleeping? | Number | avail_HH=1 |
| school | Are you currently attending/ever attended school? | 1= Yes, still studying 2=Yes, but no longer studying 3= No, never |
availCC=1 & age>=5 |
| school3 | Currently enrolled in school | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=5 |
| schoollevel | Current school level if currently enrolled | 1=Preschool 2=Primary (grades 1-7) 3=Lower secondary (grades 8-10) 4=Upper secondary (grades 11-12) 5=University/post-secondary 6=Vocational training/certificate level 7=Special education class (not part of formal education) |
school=1 |
| school_level2 | Highest school level completed | 1=Preschool 2=Some primary 3=Primary completed 4=Completed lower secondary 5=Completed upper secondary 6=Post secondary (BA or higher) 7=Vocational training/certificate level |
school=2 |
| sp_hear_db_hear | Have you heard of any of the following benefits that are provided by the government to people with disabilities? Disability Allowance (cash transfer given by government) | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & cc=1 |
| sp_hear_mw_hear | Have you heard of any of the following benefits that are provided by the government to people with disabilities? Discounted medicines/assistive devices/other health benefits (through Medical Welfare or the Health Protection Agency)) | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & cc=1 |
| stig_db | CASES ONLY: in the past 12 months, how often have you experienced prejudice or discrimination because of your disability? | 0=Yes 1=No |
availCC=1 & cc=1 & age>=15 |
| stig_hh | In the past 12 months, have you ever been beaten, scolded or discriminated against by any household member or relatives? | 0=Yes 1=No |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| stig_oft | In the past 12 months, how often did you experience prejudice or discrimination (anywhere)? | 0=Yes 1=No |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| stig_workschol | In the past 12 months, have you ever been beaten, scolded, discriminated against at work or school? | 0=Yes 1=No |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| toil_sh | Do you share this toilet facility with other households? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| toilet | What type of toilet is used in your household? | 1=Flush to piped sewer system 2=Flush to septic tank 3=Flush to pit latrine 4=Flush to somewhere else 5=Flush, don't know where 6=Ventilated improved pit latrine 7=Pit latrine with slab 8=Pit latrine without slab/open pit 9=No facility/beach 10=Other |
avail_HH=1 |
| transp | Total spending on transportation | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| transpPCE | Total transport spending per capita | Number | avail_HE=1 |
| viol | Experienced any type of violence | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| voice_heard | Do you feel your voice is being heard? | 0=No 1=Yes 88=Don't know |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| vote2 | Did you vote in the last election? | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| wall | What is the type of material used for construction of the major part of the walls? (Observe, don’t ask): | 1=Cement 2=Stome with lime/cement 3=Bricks 4=Thin plywood/wood sticks 5=Thatch and sticks 6=No walls 7=Other |
avail_HH=1 |
| water | What is the main source of drinking water used by most of the occupants of this household? | 1=Piped water, piped into dwelling 2=Public tap/standpipe 4=protected well (covered with lid) 5=Unprotected well 6=Rainwater from tank in compound 7=Rainwater from public or community tank 8=Bottled water 9=Other |
avail_HH=1 |
| work_stat | What is your current working status? | 1= Working for pay/profit 2=Not working for pay or profit, but looking for work 3=Not working for pay or profit, and not looking for work |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| working | Currently working | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| work_yr | Has worked in the last year | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=15 |
| foodsec | Household faces food security (at least mild) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| foodsec_mod | Household faces food security (at least moderate) | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| cope1 | Did the household have to adopt the following to meet the household food needs in the last 12 months (read all): Take out a loan | 0=No 1=Yes |
foodsec=1 |
| cope2 | Did the household have to adopt the following to meet the household food needs in the last 12 months (read all): Take out as credit at shop | 0=No 1=Yes |
foodsec=1 |
| cope3 | Did the household have to adopt the following to meet the household food needs in the last 12 months (read all): Sell household assets | 0=No 1=Yes |
foodsec=1 |
| cope4 | Did the household have to adopt the following to meet the household food needs in the last 12 months (read all): Sell land | 0=No 1=Yes |
foodsec=1 |
| cope5 | Did the household have to adopt the following to meet the household food needs in the last 12 months (read all):: any other steps taken? | 0=No 1=Yes |
foodsec=1 |
| wealth_fs_cause | What was the cause of the food shortage in your household in the last 12 months? | 1=Crop failure 2=Flood 3=Drought 4=Financial problems 5=No food in market other=other |
foodsec=1 |
| wealth_died | In the last 5 years, have any children 5 years and younger (including newborns/infants) in this household died? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| wealth_incomecontrib | How many people in your household contribute to that amount of income ["income"]? | Integer | avail_HH=1 |
| wealth_saving | Does any member of this household have a bank account or other savings account? | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| wealth_srwealth | Which category of the following do you think your household income falls into by comparison with those of other households in your area? | 1=Rich 2=Above average 3=Average 4=Poor 5=Very poor |
avail_HH=1 |
| sp | Does anyone in the household currently receive regular instalments of cash (also called cash transfers, social assistance) from the government? | 0=No 1=Yes 2=Don't know |
avail_HH=1 |
| excess | Excess disability screenings excluded from prevalence calculation | 0=Include in prevalence | avail_DS=1 |
| pwt | Weight for prevalence estimates | Number | avail_DS=1 |
| db_cc | Meets study definiton of disability | 0=No 1=Yes |
All |
| db_backg_age_start | Age at disability onset | Integer | avail_DS=1 & db_cc==1 |
| cluster_no | Cluster number | Integer 1-100 | All |
| ses1_marry | Marital status | 1=Married or living together 2=Divorced/separated 3=Widowed 4=Never married |
availCC=1 & age>=16 |
| read | Can you read well, a little or not at all? | 1=Well 2=A little 3=Not at all |
availCC=1 & age>=5 |
| diab_diag | Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have diabetes? | 0=No 1=Yes 2=Don't know |
availCC=1 & age>=18 |
| diab_treat | Receives treatment for diabetes | 0=No 1=Yes |
diab_diag=1 |
| ht_diag | Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have hypertension? | 0=No 1=Yes 2=Don't know |
availCC=1 & age>=18 |
| ht_treat | Receives treatment for hypertension | 0=No 1=Yes |
ht_diag=1 |
| asth_diag | Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you have asthama? | 0=No 1=Yes 2=Don't know |
availCC=1 & age>=18 |
| ast_treatcurr | Receives treatment for asthama | 0=No 1=Yes |
asth_diag=1 |
| medwel | Has heard of Medical Welfare | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 |
| medwel_use | Has ever used Medical Welfare | 0=No 1=Yes 2=Don't know |
medwel=1 |
| hprob_treat | Did you or someone on your behalf seek treatment/advice? | 0=No 1=Yes |
health_prob=1 |
| prim_comp | Completed primary school | 0=No 1=Yes |
availCC=1 & age>=13 |
| sp_db | Receives the Disability Alloawnce | 0=No 1=Yes |
All |
| hh_memb | Number of household members | Number | avail_HH=1 |
| sp_age | Receives the Old Age Allowance | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |
| sp_sing | Receives Single Parents' Allowance | 0=No 1=Yes |
avail_HH=1 |